高聚合度聚氯乙烯的加工性能

本文对高聚合度聚氯乙烯(H-PVC)的发展及其优异的物理机械性能作了简要介绍;着重分析了H-PVC的加工性能和表征方法,并讨论了分子特性和颗料特性及加工组成、加工条件对加工性能的影响,提出了改进H-PVC加工性能的方法。     

气泡釉的研制

研制了一种从石灰釉中分离出来的缺陷釉—气泡釉。气泡釉由于其特殊的性质,不适用于强度要求高的建陶,一般用于普通的日用瓷或艺术瓷。主要利用长石、高岭土、方解石、白云石和石英等常用原料,通过调整各种原料的用量,改变釉层厚度、烧成制度等方法来寻求最佳的气泡釉效果。     

不同因素对浸入式水口预热温度场的影响

运用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的FLO TRANCFD模块对浸入式水口在抽风式预热烘烤方式下的瞬态传热过程及影响水口预热温度场的各种因素进行了研究 ,得到了该烘烤方式下水口预热后的温度场分布和水口的升温曲线。研究结果表明 :影响水口预热温度的最主要因素是抽风流量和烘烤箱的几何尺寸 ;适当提高抽风流量、减小烘烤箱的几何尺寸可以大大提高水口颈部的预热温度 ,从而降低浸入式水口的事故率     

Electrodeposition of Pd–Ag alloy nanowires on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

This paper reports findings of an investigation of Pd–Ag alloy nanowires on the step edges of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by electrochemical deposition at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that these alloy nanowires (109–430 nm) are uniform in diameter, and have lengths up to 100–500 μm. The electrodeposition process involves the initial formation of nanowires induced at the step edges of the oxidized HOPG substrate at a very negative potential and subsequent growth at a constant low current density to coalesce the discontinuous nanowires. Alloy nanowires with a 20–25% silver content can be obtained when the ratio of Pd and Ag in the solution is carefully controlled. The SEM images demonstrate that the alloy nanowire arrays are continuous, parallel, ordered, well-aligned and have a narrow distribution of diameters. The Pd–Ag alloy nanowire arrays are promising materials for fabricating hydrogen nanosensors.     

浸入式水口燃烧式烘烤预热温度场研究

浸入式水口在浇钢以前必须进行充分预热 ,利用燃烧的煤气烘烤水口是常用的预热烘烤方式。本工作运用有限元技术对浸入式水口燃烧式烘烤预热的瞬态传热过程进行了研究 ,得到了水口烘烤预热后的温度场分布和水口的升温曲线。研究结果表明 ,在燃烧式预热烘烤方式下 ,水口沿轴线方向的温度变化梯度较大 ,水口颈部预热后的温度较低 ,是导致水口颈部频繁断裂和较易出现竹节样裂纹的主要原因。欲提高水口颈部的预热温度 ,必须改进水口的预热烘烤方式     

The SMSI between supported platinum and CeO2–ZrO2–La2O3 mixed oxides in oxidative atmosphere

CeO₂–ZrO₂–La₂O₃ (CZL) mixed oxides were prepared by citric acid sol–gel method. The as-received gel was calcined at 500, 700, 900 and 1050 °C to obtain the so-called C5, C7, C9 and CK, respectively. The C5, C7 and C9 powders were impregnated with H₂PtCl₆ and then calcined at 500 °C to prepare P5C5, P5C7 and P5C9, respectively. The impregnated CK powders were calcined at 500, 700 and 900 °C to prepare P5CK, P7CK and P9CK, respectively. The XRD and XPS analyses show that the surface distribution of Pt is evidently influenced by the structural and textural properties of the support. The CO adsorption followed by FTIR reveals that the dispersion and the chemisorption sites of Pt are reduced as the calcination temperature of CZL support increases. The chemisorption ability of the CK samples is even completely deactivated. The encapsulation mechanism, which has been applied to explain the so-called strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) after reductive treatment, is introduced here to demonstrate the abnormal observations though the samples were prepared in oxidative atmosphere. The HRTEM results also confirm this explanation. The effects of oxygen vacancies, the chemisorption sites on the Pt surface and Pt/Ce interfacial sites on the three-way catalytic activities are discussed.     

优质饮用水直接进户试验研究

针对目前上海市自来水水质存在的不足,试验了三种水质深度处理工艺。试验证明,该三种工艺对浊度、色度、耗氧量、余氯、氨等指标均有明显的去除效果。在其它水质指标方面,符合建设部2002年“水质目标”及欧盟水质标准的要求,最后确定了一种工艺用于小区供水。     

氯化聚乙烯接枝氯乙烯聚合速率及传热

本文用气相色谱技术研究氯化聚乙烯(CPE)-接枝(g)-氯乙烯(VC)聚合动力学,对不同引发剂体系分析热负荷分布,并对7 m~3聚合釜传热面进行校核。     

Isotopic Oxygen Exchange and EPR Studies of Superoxide Species on the SrF2/La2O3 Catalyst

By using the in situ IR spectroscopy, the superoxide species (O₂⁻), characterized by the O–O stretching peak at 1130 cm⁻¹, was detected on the SrF₂/La₂O₃ catalyst at temperatures up to 973 K. The introduction of ¹⁸O₂ isotope caused the 1130 cm⁻¹ peak to shift to lower wavenumbers (1095 and 1064 cm⁻¹), consistent with the assignment of the spectra to the superoxide species. A good correlation between the rate of the disappearance of the O₂⁻ species and that of the formation of C₂H₄ was observed, suggesting that O₂⁻ was the active oxygen species responsible for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) on the SrF₂/La₂O₃ catalyst. This conclusion was reinforced by the EPR experiments (g_xx = 2.0001, g_yy = 2.0045, g_zz = 2.0685), showing that O₂⁻ was the only paramagnetic oxygen species detectable on the O₂-preadsorbed SrF₂/La₂O₃ catalyst. These results suggest that superoxide O₂⁻ can be a stable active oxygen species, whose role in the OCM reaction cannot be overlooked.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(butyl acrylate)/silica and poly(butyl acrylate)/silica/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite particles

Poly(butyl acrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBA/PMMA) core–shell particles embedded with nanometer‐sized silica particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of silica particles preabsorbed with 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AIBA) initiator and subsequent MMA emulsion polymerization in the presence of PBA/silica composite particles. The morphologies of the resulting PBA/silica and PBA/silica/PMMA composite particles were characterized, which showed that AIBA could be absorbed effectively onto silica particles when the pH of the dispersion medium was greater than the isoelectric potential point of silica. The critical amount of AIBA added to have stable dispersion of silica particles increased as the pH of the dispersion medium increased. PBA/silica composite particles prepared by in situ emulsion polymerization using silica preabsorbed with AIBA showed higher silica absorption efficiency than did the PBA/silica composite particles prepared by direct mixing of PBA latex and silica dispersion or by emulsion polymerization in which AIBA was added after the mixing of BA and silica. The PBA/silica composite particles exhibited a raspberrylike morphology, with silica particles “adhered” to the surfaces of the PBA particles, whereas the PBA/silica/PMMA composite latex particles exhibited a sandwich morphology, with silica particles mainly at the interface between the PBA core and the PMMA shell. Subsequently, the PBA/silica/PMMA composite latex obtained had a narrow particle size distribution and good dispersion stability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3425–3432, 2006