不同预处理条件下纤维素的结构变化及其在DMAc／LiCI中的溶解

介绍了乙二胺、氢氧化钠和高温等三种不同的纤维素预处理方法。研究预处理后纤维素的结构变化，讨论预处理过程中的转化机理，并通过X射线衍射对纤维素结晶度的变化进行表征，证明乙二胺预处理后纤维素的结晶度下降最大。纤维素经过预处理后可以溶解在DMAc／LiCI中，讨论其溶解机理，通过对比三种预处理纤维素的溶解性能，表明经过乙二胺预处理之后的纤维素在DMAc／LiCI中溶解性能最好，氢氧化钠预处理的纤维素次之，高温预处理的纤维素溶解性能相对较差。     

当仁不让的设计劳模

相比欧洲设计师的天马行空和慢吞吞,日本设计师佐藤大带领的Nendo设计事务所可谓是设计界的劳模了!几乎每个月,我们都能见到Nendo的新作或新项目,而在今年米兰设计周期间,Nendo的作品更是遍地开花。     

尼泊尔8.1级大震与中国大陆西部8级大震预测研究

自1300年以来的715 a间,中国大陆及其邻区共发生M≥8大震25次,呈现出显著的自组织有序性.特别是从1902年到2001年的100 a间,中国大陆西部地区发生3对前后间隔4 a的8级大震有序对.基于信息预测理论,在对中国大陆8级大震有序网络构建及其总结研究的基础上,补充尼泊尔3次8级大震新信息:2015年8.1级、1934年8.1级和1833年8级大震,进一步优化完善并构建8级大震二维与三维有序网络结构,并由此对未来8级大震进行预测.研究结果表明:2015年尼泊尔8.1级大震的发生,标志着新一轮8级大震活动的开始,未来数十年内大震强震将在青藏高原地区由南向北迁移发生,2022与2026年前后中国大陆西部将发生新的8级大震有序对,2029、2045年前后仍有可能发生8级大震.     

在城乡总体规划中如何落实“三规合一”——以河北蔚县城乡总体规划为例

<正>党的十八大提出发展"新型城镇化"总思路,要求城镇合理布局,与区域经济发展和产业布局紧密衔接,与资源环境承载力相适应,坚持生态文明,推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展,尽可能减少对自然的干扰和损害,节约集约利用土地、水、能源等资源,要传承文化,发展有历史记忆、地域特色、民族特点的美丽城镇,城乡总体规划要与土地利用总体规划、产业发展规划相协调,实现"三规合一",这对城镇规划与管理提出了更高要求。     

Wear and surface analysis of 38 mm ceramic-on-metal total hip replacements under standard and severe wear testing conditions

The purpose of this study was to compare the wear of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) and alumina femoral heads tested against as-cast CoCrMo alloy acetabular cups under both standard and severe wear conditions. A new severe test, which included medio-lateral displacement of the head and rim impact upon relocation, was developed. This resulted in an area of metal transfer and an area of increased wear on the superior-anterior segment of the head that were thought to be due to dislocation and rim impact respectively. While the wear of all ceramic heads was immeasurable using the gravimetric method, the wear rates for the metallic cups from each test were readily calculated. An average steady state wear rate of 0.023 +/- 0.005 mm3/10(6) cycles was found for the cups articulating against ZTA under standard wear conditions. A similar result had previously been obtained for the wear of cups articulated against alumina heads of the same size (within the same laboratory). Under severe wear conditions an increase in the metallic cup steady state wear rate was found with the ZTA and alumina tests giving 0.623 +/- 0.252 and 1.35 +/- 0.154 mm3/10(6) cycles respectively. Wear of the ceramic heads was detected using atomic force microscopy which showed, under severe wear conditions, a decrease in polishing marks and occasional grain removal. The surfaces of the ZTA heads tested under standard conditions were virtually unchanged from the unworn samples. Friction tests showed low friction factors for all components, pre and post wear.     

Storm water infiltration in a monitored green roof for hydrologic restoration

The objectives of this study are to provide detailed information about green roof performance in the Mediterranean climate (retained volume, peak flow reduction, runoff delay) and to identify a suitable modelling approach for describing the associated hydrologic response. Data collected during a 13-month monitoring campaign and a seasonal monitoring campaign (September-December 2008) at the green roof experimental site of the University of Genova (Italy) are presented together with results obtained in quantifying the green roof hydrologic performance. In order to examine the green roof hydrologic response, the SWMS_2D model, that solves the Richards' equation for two-dimensional saturated-unsaturated water flow, has been implemented. Modelling results confirm the suitability of the SWMS_2D model to properly describe the hydrologic response of the green roofs. The model adequately reproduces the hydrographs; furthermore, the predicted soil water content profile generally matches the observed values along a vertical profile where measurements are available.     

Searching for memories, Sudoku, implicit check bits, and the iterative use of not-always-correct rapid neural computation

The algorithms that simple feedback neural circuits representing a brain area can rapidly carry out are often adequate to solve easy problems but for more difficult problems can return incorrect answers. A new excitatory-inhibitory circuit model of associative memory displays the common human problem of failing to rapidly find a memory when only a small clue is present. The memory model and a related computational network for solving Sudoku puzzles produce answers that contain implicit check bits in the representation of information across neurons, allowing a rapid evaluation of whether the putative answer is correct or incorrect through a computation related to visual pop-out. This fact may account for our strong psychological feeling of right or wrong when we retrieve a nominal memory from a minimal clue. This information allows more difficult computations or memory retrievals to be done in a serial fashion by using the fast but limited capabilities of a computational module multiple times. The mathematics of the excitatory-inhibitory circuits for associative memory and for Sudoku, both of which are understood in terms of energy or Lyapunov functions, is described in detail.     

手冢治虫：永远的大神 最好的时光

“解剖游戏”是二战前日本兵库县宝塚市第二国民小学校的一群男孩子们最热衷的游戏。在他们看来,被捉光猪的对象——班里那个脑袋大大,个子小小的手冢治,长得活像一只昆虫标本,因此活刻被剥得一丝不挂示众。     

Proteomic analysis in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with atypical nonketotic hyperglycinemia and pulmonary hypertension - A pilot study

A variant phenotype of nonketotic hyperglycinemia has been described by our group associated with pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid proteomes to get an insight into this neurodegenerative process producing leukoencephalopathy with white matter spongiform degeneration. DIGE and MALDI-TOF-TOF analyses were performed to carry out the proteomic study of four patients against three normal controls and one additional control of a classical nonketotic hyperglycinemia. The differential proteomic analysis showed a displacement of some series of spots toward the acidic side. The shifted proteins showed a high degree of carbonylation and increased methionine sulfoxidation was found in cystatin C and in vitamin-D-binding protein. These findings in addition to the increase of serum malondialdehyde concentration provide evidence of an oxidative stress in the patients under study, which is probably systemic rather than mainly confined to the CNS. The similarities of our findings with those found in other neurodegenerative diseases suggest that oxidative damage is commonly involved in these pathologies. DIGE technology improves the 2-D PAGE differential analysis and it is suitable in proteomic studies with a small number of cases.