Bovine petechial fever (Ondiri disease)

This paper describes an efficient computer method for generating three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonic speckle patterns for sector scans of an annular array with dynamic focusing in both transmit and receive. Assuming random scatterers in an attenuating medium, the system synthesizes the waveform for each scan line using echo data received at all annular elements of the transducer when short pulses are transmitted by one annulus after another. The amount of echo data needed to synthesize one waveform is tremendously reduced by reducing the 3-D distributions of scatterers to line distributions and by representing scatterers on a small line segment by a single equivalent scatterer taking into account the two-way travel time differences. Furthermore, by a judicious 3-D arrangement of the scatterer lines and scan lines, it is possible to synthesize the waveform for a new scan line with negligible computation overhead. The waveforms of the scan lines are detected to obtain a B-mode image or speckle patterns. The patterns obtained on several differently-oriented image planes showed a good statistical agreement with experimentally obtained patterns.     

Impact and penetration by L/D ≤ 1 projectiles

Calculations of steel target penetration by L/D ≤ 1 tungsten and tungsten alloy projectiles have been extended to L/D = 1/32 over the velocity range 1.5 to 5 km/s. The ratio of crater to projectile diameter tends to 1 as L/D decreases over this entire velocity range. For impact velocities of 1.5 and 3 km/s, penetration depth normalized by projectile length, P/L, increases with decreasing projectile L/D up to a maximum value and then decreases for still lower L/D. Experiments at impact velocities of 2 and 3 km/s confirm these results. For 5 km/s impact velocity, the calculations show P/L increasing with decreasing projectile L/D over the entire range 1/32 ≤ L/D ≤ 1. The projectile L/D for which the maximum P/L occurs appears to depend on the impact velocity. P/L generally scales with impact velocity as P/L v^f(L/D) where f(L/D) ranges from 0 for a long rod to, we believe, 2 in the limit as projectile L/D approaches zero. The calculations show for 1/8 ≤ L/D ≤ 1/2, P/L v^0.9; for L/D = 1/16, P/L v^1.5; and for L/D = 1/32, the new results give P/L v^1.9.     

Effect of Bi and Sr concentrations on the formation of the 2223 phase in Bi-Pb-Sb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O materials, obtained under different conditions of thermal treatment

The superconducting properties and the phase and chemical composition of Bi _x Pb_0.3Sb_0.1Sr _y Ca₂Cu₃O_z (x=1.5, 1.6, and 1.7;y=1.9, 2.0, and 2.1) materials synthesized by one-step and multistep thermal treatments have been investigated. The multistep annealing between 825–875°C promotes the 2223 phase. The change of Bi concentration has little effect on the 2223 phase formation, regardless of the kind of thermal treatment used, but increasing the Sr concentration (y> 2) strongly inhibits this phase. It has also been established that the loss of Pb after synthesis depends on the initial Bi concentration. The loss of Pb decreases when the initial Bi content is lower.     

Intracellular magnesium and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor: molecular mechanisms of interaction, physiology and pharmacology

Mass media--friend or foe? Radio, television, and/or the printed word regularly enter most of the world's households. With a better understanding between health workers and those who produce what we hear, see and read, positive messages could do much to change the habits the jeopardize health. Clear, accurate information is the first step towards improvement.     

Postoperative analgesia. Simple methods for improvements exist

An improved, combined staining method for myofibrillar ATPase (m-ATPase) and for acetylcholinesterase activity is described. This method allows the observations, on the same slide, of the classical histochemical m-ATPase profile following the Brooke and Kaiser technique and the neuromuscular junction morphology. Thus the pattern of innervation, nerve ending structure and number of nerve endings along the fibres is shown simultaneously for the basic differentiation between slow and fast fibres. The use of acidic and alkaline preincubation allows better visualization of endplate morphology and avoids the masking effect of a positive m-ATPase reaction. The technique has been validated on skeletal muscles from avian and mammalian species.