重力不同引起的载人月球车操纵差异分析

为分析月球与地球重力差异对驾驶员所带来的操纵影响,推导了载人月球车操纵动力学方程.基于径向基神经网络和间接逆模型的训练方法,建立以行驶轨迹为输入、驾驶员操纵转角为输出的载人月球车操纵动力学逆系统.采用两种不同类型的间接对比形式,包括地球重力条件下重复月面行驶的轨迹路线和月球重力条件下重复地面行驶的轨迹路线.将正弦函数和斜坡阶越函数作为驾驶员操纵输入,获得月球或地球重力条件下的行驶轨迹,并利用逆系统求解得到不同重力条件下行驶相同轨迹时驾驶员的操纵转角.结果表明,驾驶员在月球重力条件下需要做出更大的操纵转向角度、更快的操纵转向速度、更高的操纵转向变换频率,并且在月球重力条件下更不容易重复地球重力条件下的相同行驶轨迹.这说明载人月球车在月球重力条件下的操纵性能较差.     

TiB2 coating formed on nickel substrates by electroplating in molten salt of fluoride

The TiB2 coatings deposited over nickel substrate by electroplating was investigated, which is in molten salt of a fluoride mixture involving KF, NaF, K2 TiF6 and KBF4. Effects of temperature, cathodic current density (Jc) and duration on the coating's formation were examined. The composition, morphology and structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the coatings, with black, smooth and uniform appearance, are composed of predominating TiB2 and small amounts of nickel titanium oxide (Ni0.75 Ti0.125 O). The coatings show a nodular morphology and the grain size is dependent on the Jc and ranges about 1 - 10 μm. There is a linear relationship between the coating's thickness and the time of electrolysis within certain duration range. The reduction of the potassium can take place simultaneously with the electrochemical synthesis of TiB2 as the Jc is in excess of certain level. The hardness of the TiB2 coatings is likely to be deteriorated due to the presence of potassium and Ni0.75Ti0.125 O in the coatings.     

压铸镁合金在汽车方向盘上的应用研究

通过对SC6380客车方向盘生产所用镁合金系的选择、方向盘服役模型建立、弹性有限元分析、结构再设计、压铸工艺虚拟设计及数值模拟等步骤，初步探索了镁合金方向盘的开发过程，为倡导镁合金等新材料在方向盘上的合理应用提供了技术支撑平台，通过以上步骤能有效的缩短产品开发周期。     

具有梯度结构的涂层硬质合金刀片

研究了Co和Ti(CN)含量对梯度硬质合金的力学性能、梯度结构的影响.测试了梯度硬质合金刀片的切削性能.结果表明:随着合金钴含量的增多,合金梯度层厚度增厚,梯度结构越明显;合金的强度提高,磁饱和提高,磁力、硬度和密度减小.随着合金Ti(CN)含量的增多,合金梯度层厚度有变薄的趋势;随合金的硬度提高,合金的强度和密度减小.切削试验表明:具有梯度结构涂层硬质合金刀片的切削性能比无梯度结构涂层硬质合金刀片的切削性能优良.达到同一磨损高度hB=0.15 mm时,前者的切削寿命较后者提高了近一倍.同时随着合金钴含量的增多,硬质合金刀片的切削性能提高.     

CO2焊短路信号和缩颈信号的获取

采用光耦6N136对电弧电压进行隔离，得到了失真很小的孤压信号，设计了短路检测电路和缩颈检测电路．并在缩颈检测电路中加入削波电路，成功地消除了燃弧电压时缩颈检测电路的影响。通过实际焊接试验，验证了所设计的短路检测电路和缩颈检测电路是成功的。     

光亮碱性Zn-Al合金电镀工艺研究

在碱性锌酸盐镀锌液中加入铝盐，研究成功了一种光亮碱性锌铝合金电镀工艺。采用霍尔槽试验探讨了镀液成分和工艺条件对镀层质量的影响，检测了镀液和镀层性能。研究结果表明：镀液阴极电流效率达到80%以上，镀液分散能力和复盖能力好，镀层中铝含量为1．5％左右，所形成的Zn-Al合金镀层结晶细致、光亮度好、结合力好、耐蚀性优良，适用于作高耐蚀性镀层。     

搅拌法铸造空心微珠-铝复合材料组织和性能的研究

采用半固态搅拌铸造法制备了铝-空心微珠复合材料，分别对金属型铸造和挤压铸造方法制备的铝-空心微珠复合材料的组织和性能进行了研究，并对其拉伸断口形貌进行了扫描电镜分析。结果表明：两种铸造方法制备的复合材料的抗拉强度都低于基体铝合金，随着空心微珠加入量的增加，复合材料的抗拉强度有所降低，密度减小，比强度增大，韧性降低，使复合材料的断裂形态从塑性断裂发展为脆性断裂。     

挤压铸造模具材料的选用及热处理

介绍挤压铸造各种合金对模具材料的性能要求,在挤压铸造生产中模具材料的选用情况,目前国内外新型模具材料的研究进展以及模具的热处理情况.     

Role of Al2O3 layer in oxidation resistance of Cu-Al dilute alloys pre-annealed in H2 atmospheres

Copper was alloyed with small amounts of Al (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mass%) to improve the oxidation resistance. Copper (6 N) and the Cu-Al alloys were oxidized at 773-1173 K in 0.1 MPa oxygen atmosphere after hydrogen annealing at 873 K. Continuous very thin Al₂O₃ layers were formed on the surface of all Cu-Al dilute alloys during the hydrogen annealing. Oxidation resistance of Cu-Al alloys was improved especially for Cu-2.0Al at 773-973 K, while it decreases on increasing the oxidation temperature. Cu-Al alloys followed the parabolic rate law at 1173 K, but most of other cases do not at and below 1073 K. Oxidation resistance for Cu-Al alloys was found relevant to the maintenance of the thin Al₂O₃ layer at the Cu₂O/Cu-Al alloy interface.     

高钒高速钢碳化钒形态的数值化分析

针对碳化钒的不同形态,设计出定量分析软件,并利用形状因子K,实现了高钒高速钢不同碳化物形态数值化处理,当K介于0.785～1.000之间碳化钒形态为团球状;K≤0.223,碳化钒呈开花状.高钒高速钢当碳含量达到4.2%时,K为0.86和当量直径D为0.78μm,碳化物呈团球状均匀分布.