Direct Chiral Determination of Acephate and Its Metabolite Methamidophos in Vegetables Using QuEChERS by Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Currently, methamidophos, the main metabolite of acephate in the plants, has been paid particular attention in the risk evaluation of acephate because of its severely accurate toxicity, but the chirality of methamidophos and acephate has not been taken into account. In this study, a chiral separation and analysis method was developed to help evaluate the risks posing to the environment and human health. The efficiency of four commercial chiral capillary columns to accomplish enantioseparation of these two pesticides was firstly evaluated, and the chromatographic condition on the chose column BGB-176 SE was optimized. An analytical method for determination and confirmation of the enantiomers in vegetables by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was then developed with the column. QuEChERS was adopted to extract and clean the residues in vegetables. The mean recovery rates of quintuplicate results in cabbage and pakchoi ranged from 71.87 to 81.45 %; the relative standard deviation was less than 8.81 %. The limits of detection of enantiomers of acephate and methamidophos were 0.008 and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. After the application of the method to vegetables from a market, it was proved that the metabolism of acephate and methamidophos in plants should be enantioselective.     

GPU‐assisted real‐time coupling of blood flow and vessel wall

The vessel wall and the blood flow interact and influence each other, and real‐time coupling between them is of great importance to the virtual surgery as well as the research and diagnosis of vascular disease. On the basis of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), we present a new approach to solve non‐Newtonian viscous force of blood and a parallel mixed particles‐based coupling method for blood flow and vessel wall. Meanwhile, we also design a proxy particle‐based vessel wall force visualization method. Our method is as follows. Firstly, we solve the non‐Newtonian viscous forces of blood through the SPH method to discretize the Casson equation. Secondly, in each time step, we combine blood particles and sampling proxy particles on the blood vessel wall to form mixed particles and calculate the interaction forces through the SPH method between every pair of the neighboring mixed particles inside the graphics processing unit. Thirdly, the forces of the proxy particles will be mapped to the color display of the proxy particle. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to implement real‐time sizeable coupling of blood flow and vessel wall while mainly ensuring physical authenticity and it can also provide real‐time and obvious information about vessel wall force distribution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄铁矿的氧化与浮选机理

用量子化学CNDO/2方法研究了黄铁矿表面的电子结构和化学键性质,讨论了黄铁矿表面原子、氧和黄药的相互作用,阐明了黄铁矿表面的共价键特征和接收电子的能力,认为清洁的黄铁矿表面可以与黄药作用生成黄原酸盐,而在有氧吸附的表面上是难以生成黄原酸盐。但吸附的氧可以使黄药氧化生成双黄药,成为反应的活性中心。黄铁矿表面则对该反应起着电催化作用。     

YZC12Ⅱ型振动压路机的降噪技术浅析

YZC12Ⅱ型振动压路机为双频双幅串联式振动压路机,该机为全液压传动,采用全电液控制技术,具有两挡无级调速、双频双幅振动、三级减振、三级制动、铰接式转向和无级喷雾洒水等功能.投放市场后,用户反应该机机外噪声大,并存在非常刺耳的周期性啸叫声的问题.对压路机的动力系统进行分析,认为柴油机风扇在高速转动过程中,风扇叶片和高速通过发动机机罩的冷却风流所发生的周期性相互作用是产生高频噪声的主要原因.运用阻尼降噪和拍振现象的原理,对发动机机罩进风口的结构形式进行改进,将原平板式网状进风口改成百叶窗式的进风口,并在百叶窗叶片下侧粘贴海绵,同时在机罩内侧封闭部分粘贴吸音海绵.改进后测得机外噪声为95.7 dB(A),降噪效果明显.同时,在发动机罩顶部的左右方向增加两条加强筋,以使发动机机罩的固有频率远离噪声的激振频率,试验证明,经过改进后,发动机高速运转时产生的周期性啸叫声被消除.     

地下水电磁法探测技术进展综述

电导率和介电常数异常是地下水电磁法探测的物理基础,其异常特点为浅层空间连续性差,多呈非线性状态分布。电磁法探测地下水受地面条件影响较小,可以连续测量,成本低廉。瞬变电磁法和可控源音频大地电磁法是比较成熟的地下水探测技术;地质雷达和空间遥感雷达如果在振幅、频率信息利用和遥感定量多约束反演研究上有理论突破,将大大提高地下水探测的分辨率。近年来地下水电磁法勘探从模型到技术,再到反演,均呈现明显的"联合"、"移植"和"借鉴"的趋势。地下水研究的电磁模型所存在的问题可以概括为:定性化多定量化少、一维近似多高维模型少、传统手段沿用多现代技术应用少、单一方法研究多综合影响考虑少。     

费托合成循环气脱除CO2技术研究进展

针对费托合成循环气的混合气体组成,主要介绍了南化集团研究院在脱除循环气中CO2的技术进展,可实现"气体的烃损失低"、"溶液稳定性好",并克服"再生热耗高"的缺点,比常规碳酸钾脱碳工艺再生热耗降低30%以上。     

脉冲MAG自动焊在膜式壁制造中的应用

介绍了脉冲MAG自动焊在膜式壁焊接上的应用。提供了保证焊接质量的焊接工艺参数范围、调节方法及其对焊接工艺过程及焊缝质量的影响,根据测定的实际生产中焊缝纵、横向收缩量,确定合理的拼排工艺。提出了各单元片始末端搭配组焊、管间距应计入焊缝横向收缩量、管子下料尺寸应考虑工艺加长等工艺措施。并通过合理调整扁钢对中调整装置,调节压辊、校正辊以及侧压辊的压力,注意相邻电弧之间热输入量的均匀性及焊接位置的对称性,能有效控制管屏面弯、旁弯值,减少焊后矫平量。实践证明该方法所制造的膜式壁能很好地满足焊接质量要求,完全符合JB/T5255—91的各项规定。     

转速和着速对PELE横向效应的影响

采用AUTODYN-3D软件对横向效应增强型侵彻体(PELE)侵彻金属靶板的过程进行数值模拟。通过分析不同转速和着速下PELE弹丸的剩余速度、靶板扩孔直径、破片的质量-数量分布和破片飞散角情况,得到PELE弹丸的横向效应随转速和着速的变化规律。研究结果为PELE弹药转速和着速的设计提供参考。     

高强铝合金半固态成形技术研究进展

利用半固态成形技术制备高性能铝合金是现代材料成形技术的重要研究方向.介绍了几种高强铝合金的新型半固态成形技术,如倒锥形通道浇注法、流变挤压成形法、原位反应液相线铸造法等,分析了半固态成形高强铝合金的组织和性能,找出了其中存在的问题,为今后的研究开发指明了方向.     

热声制冷机及其改进实验研究

热声制冷作为一种很有前途的制冷方法，在国内外相关领域引起了极大兴趣。热声制冷机由声发生器、共振管、板叠及高、低温换热器等部分组成。对声驱动器的振动膜及其冷却系统、气体弹簧系统、高、低温换热器进行了初步改进，使制冷机冷端温降从原来的12℃提高到27℃左右，这是目前国内报道的最大温降。