Design of dynamic genetic memory

In electronic systems, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) is one of the core modules in the modern silicon computer. As for a bio‐computer, one would need a mechanism for storage of bio‐information named ‘data’, which, in binary logic, has two levels, logical high and logical low, or in the normalised form, ‘1’ and ‘0’. This study proposes a possible genetic DRAM based on the modified electronic configuration, which uses the biological reaction to fulfil an equivalent RC circuit constituting a memory cell. The authors implement fundamental functions of the genetic DRAM by incorporating a genetic toggle switch for data hold. The results of simulation verify that the basic function can be used on a bio‐storage module for the future bio‐computer.Inspec keywords: DRAM chips, genetic engineering, biocomputers, bioinformatics, equivalent circuits, RC circuitsOther keywords: dynamic genetic memory design, electronic systems, dynamic random access memory, modern silicon computer, biocomputer, bioinformation, binary logic, logical high level, logical low level, normalised form, genetic DRAM, modified electronic configuration, biological reaction, equivalent RC circuit, memory cell, fundamental functions, genetic toggle switch, data hold, biostorage module     

Monolithically integrated CoP nanowire array: An on/off switch for effective on-demand hydrogen generation via hydrolysis of NaBH<Subscript>4</Subscript> and NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>BH<Subscript>3</Subscript>

The issues of hydrogen generation and storage have hindered the widespread use and commercialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.It is thus highly attractive,but the design and development of highly active non-noble-metal catalysts for on-demand hydrogen release from alkaline NaBH4 solution under mild conditions remains a key challenge.Herein,we describe the use of CoP nanowire array integrated on a Ti mesh (CoP NA/Ti) as a three-dimensional (3D) monolithic catalyst for efficient hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NaBH4 in basic solutions.The CoP NA/Ti works as an on/off switch for on-demand hydrogen generation at a rate of 6,500 mL/(min.g) and a low activation energy of 41 kJ/mol.It is highly robust for repeated usage after recycling,without sacrificing catalytic performance.Remarkably,this catalyst also performs efficiently for the hydrolysis of NH3BH3.     

Detwinning through migration of twin boundaries in nanotwinned Cu films under in situ ion irradiation

The mechanism of radiation-induced detwinning is different from that of deformation detwinning as the former is dominated by supersaturated radiation-induced defects while the latter is usually triggered by global stress. In situ Kr ion irradiation was performed to study the detwinning mechanism of nanotwinned Cu films with various twin thicknesses. Two types of incoherent twin boundaries (ITBs), so-called fixed ITBs and free ITBs, are characterized based on their structural features, and the difference in their migration behavior is investigated. It is observed that detwinning during radiation is attributed to the frequent migration of free ITBs, while the migration of fixed ITBs is absent. Statistics shows that the migration distance of free ITBs is thickness and dose dependent. Potential migration mechanisms are discussed.     

A Two‐Stage Annealing Strategy for Crystallization Control of CH3NH3PbI3 Films toward Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells

The solvent‐engineering method is widely used to fabricate top‐performing perovskite solar cells, which, however, usually exhibit inferior reproducibility. Herein, a two‐stage annealing (TSA) strategy is demonstrated for processing of perovskite films, namely, annealing the intermediate phase at 60 °C for the first stage then at 100 °C for the second stage. Compared to conventional direct annealing temperature (DHA) at 100 °C, using this strategy, MAPbI₃ films become more controllable, leading to superior film uniformity and device reproducibility with the champion device efficiency reaching 19.8%. More specifically, the coefficient of variation of efficiency for 49 cells is reduced to 5.9%, compared to 9.8% for that using DHA. The TSA process is carefully studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. It is found that in comparison with DHA the formation of hydrogen bonding and crystallization of perovskite are much slower and can be better controlled when using TSA. The improvements in film uniformity and device reproducibility are attributed to: 1) controllable MAPbI₃ crystal growth stemming from the progressive formation of hydrogen bonding between methylammonium and halide; 2) suppression of intermediate phase film dewetting, which is believed to be due to its decreased mobility at the initial low‐temperature annealing stage.     

Graphene oxide-decorated Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>(MoO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>3</Subscript> microflowers as a promising anode for lithium and sodium storage

Mixed transition metal oxides (MTMOs) have received intensive attention as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). In this work, we demonstrate a facile one-step water-bath method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) decorated Fe₂(MoO₄)₃ (FMO) microflower composite (FMO/GO), in which the FMO is constructed by numerous nanosheets. The resulting FMO/GO exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in both LIBs and SIBs. As the anode material for LIBs, the FMO/GO delivers a high capacity of 1,220 mAh·g^–1 at 200 mA·g^–1 after 50 cycles and a capacity of 685 mAh·g^–1 at a high current density of 10 A·g^–1. As the anode material for SIBs, the FMO/GO shows an initial discharge capacity of 571 mAh·g^–1 at 100 mA·g^–1, maintaining a discharge capacity of 307 mAh·g^–1 after 100 cycles. The promising performance is attributed to the good electrical transport from the intimate contact between FMO and graphene oxide. This work indicates that the FMO/GO composite is a promising anode for high-performance lithium and sodium storage.

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Fabrication of Titanium Aluminides via Powder-Cored Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization

Herein, an innovative powder-cored wire arc additive manufacturing (PC-WAAM) process is proposed to fabricate γ-TiAl thin-walled intermetallic alloy. The metallography, phase composition, and mechanical properties at different thin-wall locations are characterized. The results show that the alternatively distributed layer-like microstructure composed of α₂ (Ti₃Al) and γ (TiAl) phases is obtained along the building direction. The content of α₂ phase exhibits the tendency of decreasing from the bottom to top region. This unique microstructure characteristic is closely related to the typical thermal cycling history during deposition. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the top region are lower than the middle and bottom region. In general, the current PC-WAAM technique shows promising capability of fabricating γ-TiAl intermetallic alloy with low cost. This work becomes a valuable reference for understanding the evolution mechanism of microstructure and paves the way for the flexible and customized additive manufacturing of γ-TiAl alloy.     

Computational Parametric Analysis of Cellular Solids with the Miura-Ori Metamaterial Geometry under Quasistatic Compressive Loads

Origami-based metamaterials have widespread application prospects in various industries including aerospace, automotive, flexible electronics, and civil engineering structures. Among the wide range of origami patterns, the fourfold tessellation known as Miura-ori is of particular attraction to engineers and designers. More specifically, researchers have proposed different 3D structures and metamaterials based on the geometric characteristics of this classic origami pattern. Herein, a computational modeling approach for the design and evaluation of 3D cellular solids with the Miura-ori metamaterial geometry which can be of zero or nonzero thicknesses is presented. To this end, first, a range of design alternatives generated based on a numerical parametric model is designed. Next, their mechanical properties and failure behavior under quasistatic axial compressive loads along three perpendicular directions are analyzed. Then, the effects of various geometric parameters on their energy absorption behavior under compression in the most appropriate direction are investigated. The findings of this study provide a basis for future experimental investigations and the potential application of such cellular solids for energy-absorbing purposes.     

Experimental study on fitness of one-piece casting osseointegrated implant frameworks with relation to fixture abutment positions

An experiment on fitness of one-piece casting osseointegrated implant frameworks was performed among three fixture abument positions where other conditions were controlled. The result revealed that there was statistically significant differences in dimensional change among the three fixture abument positions. In terms of the relation between abument position and fitness, the more backward the abument position was, the worse the osseointegrated framework fitness was. The frameworks showed deformations in "arch form" and "warp" in three dimensions.