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101.
Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa Hook) lumber containing wetpockets (wetwood) was used for the measurements of gas permeability and the results were then compared to the gas permeability of normal wood, which was free of the wetpockets. The impacts of pretreatment methods were also investigated, including steaming at green condition, steaming at fiber saturation point (FSP), microwave treatment, and radio-frequency treatment. Results from this study demonstrated that both the transverse and the longitudinal gas permeability of subalpine fir wetwood are greater than that of normal wood. There is no significant change in the permeability after 4-h steaming pretreatment at green condition and at FSP. The impacts of microwave and radio-frequency pretreatments were not significant, but the findings cannot be generalized because they may depend on the power intensity applied. 相似文献
102.
Sulfur in coal causes problems in coal processing and utilization, therefore the chemical beneficiation of coal has gained widespread attention. Using three coal samples with high sulfur content the effect of desulfurization has been studied. For Nantong coal containing 4.25% total sulfur under the condition sulfur reduction increased from 38.8% upto 62.4% the released sulfur was generally sulfate and pyrite, but the organic sulfur almost remained constant. When alkali treatment was performed at 370°C, organic sulfur removal of Donglin and Yanzhou coal was to 50.6% and 57.3% respectively. 相似文献
103.
Increased use of titanium alloys as biomaterials is occurring due to their lower modulus, superior biocompatibility and enhanced corrosion resistance when compared to more conventional stainless steels and cobalt-based alloys. These attractive properties were a driving force for the early introduction of alpha (cpTi) and alpha + beta (Ti-6A1-4V) alloys as well as for the more recent development of new Ti-alloy compositions and orthopaedic metastable beta titanium alloys. The later possess enhanced biocompatibility, reduced elastic modulus, and superior strain-controlled and notch fatigue resistance. However, the poor shear strength and wear resistance of titanium alloys have nevertheless limited their biomedical use. Although the wear resistance of beta-Ti alloys has shown some improvement when compared to alpha + beta alloys, the ultimate utility of orthopaedic titanium alloys as wear components will require a more complete fundamental understanding of the wear mechanisms involved. This review examines current information on the physical and mechanical characteristics of titanium alloys used in artifical joint replacement prostheses, with a special focus on those issues associated with the long-term prosthetic requirements, e.g., fatigue and wear. 相似文献
104.
We examined the effects of different cytokine combinations and culture conditions on the expansion and modulation of cell surface antigens of CD34+ derived dendritic cells (DCs), the most efficient antigen-presenting cells capable of stimulating resting T cells in the primary immune response. Cells with a dendritic morphology and expressing HLA-DR, CD1a, S100 and CD83 were maximally expanded under serum-free conditions with the addition of SCF, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta and Flt-3 ligand (fold increase of CD1a+ cells = 102 +/- 32 after 2 weeks of culture). CD34+ cells were also grown under continuous flow conditions in an artificial capillary system: after 14d of culture, the expansion in the total cell number was lower than that of the static cultures (3.3 +/- 2 v 18.9 +/- 4) but the percentage of CD1a+/CD83+/ CD80+ cells was considerably higher, whereas the CD14+ cells were significantly reduced (8.9 +/- 2 v 26 +/- 13). In continuous perfusion cultures, low levels of DC precursors and of LTC-IC were still present up to day 14. The DCs generated under flow conditions stimulated the mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) more than the cells grown in static cultures. By electron microscopy, cells grown in the continuous flow system showed an increased number of large cells with numerous dendritic processes and abundant multilamellar complexes. The cells expanded under these conditions were sorted on the basis of their light-scatter properties into two fractions: one containing a predominance of CD1a+/S100+/ CD8 3+/CD80+/CD14- 'large cells' with great internal complexity (mature DCs); the second including 'small cells' either CD33+/CD14+, CD33+/CD15+ or CD33+/CD13-/CD14. The DCs generated and selected with this method are therefore particularly well suited for immunotherapeutic protocols. 相似文献
105.
陶瓷模用α半水石膏的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
理论上提出了影响陶瓷模用半水石膏常,高温性能的主要因素,即结晶形态.标准稠水度,初凝时间,抗折强度,进行了实验验证,确定了相应的制作技术,获得了性能优良的陶瓷模用α半水石膏。 相似文献
106.
107.
Waveguide stacks of GeSiO2-based glass deposited on Si exhibit a permanent second-order nonlinearity following temperature electric-field poling. High temperature hydrogen loading increases the second harmonic signal under certain conditions 相似文献
108.
赵丽萍 《计算机与数字工程》2012,40(6):13-15,103
针对Ad Hoc网络中传统AODV协议不支持QoS的缺陷,提出了一种多约束QoS AODV跨层优化方法MQ-AODV(Multi-Constrained QoS AODV)。该方法采用跨层设计的思想,除以传统AODV协议的转发跳数作为路由选择判据之外,而且加入应用层的QoS需求信息和MAC层的多种QoS指标作为路由选择判据,并通过改进AODV路由表结构和路由查找算法,提高AODV路由协议性能。仿真测试结果表明MQ-AODV协议缩短了传输时延,增强了路由协议的适应性和鲁棒性。 相似文献
109.
110.
In the training of feedforward neural networks,it is usually suggested that the initial weights should be small in magnitude in order to prevent premature saturation.The aim of this paper is to point out the other side of the story:In some cases,the gradient of the error functions is zero not only for infinitely large weights but also for zero weights.Slow convergence in the beginning of the training procedure is often the result of sufficiently small initial weights.Therefore,we suggest that,in these cases,the initial values of the weights should be neither too large,nor too small.For instance,a typical range of choices of the initial weights might be something like(0.4,0.1) ∪(0.1,0.4),rather than(0.1,0.1) as suggested by the usual strategy.Our theory that medium size weights should be used has also been extended to a few commonly used transfer functions and error functions.Numerical experiments are carried out to support our theoretical findings. 相似文献