A Piecewise Grey System Model for Study the Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Karst Hydrological Processes

Sustainable groundwater development must rely on a good understanding of hydrological processes, especially under effects of anthropogenic activities. This paper develops a piecewise analysis based on grey system model for study effects of anthropogenic activities on hydrological processes. The time series of precipitation and spring discharge were segmented into three time periods depending on whether variations are due to climate variation: the predevelopment stage, the transition stage, and the new equilibrium stage. Then we modeled hydrological process of the predevelopment stage and new equilibrium stage by the grey system model. By comparing the model results, we can quantify the effects of human activities on hydrological processes. We applied the model to Liulin Springs China. The results indicated that the hydraulic response time of the spring discharge to precipitation from the predevelopment stage to the new equilibrium stage, ranges from less than 1 year to up to 4 years. The results revealed that human activities slow the groundwater flow. GM (1,N) models of Liulin Springs discharge showed that the driving coefficients of precipitation to the spring discharge decreased from 0.012272 in the predevelopment stage to 0.007753 in the new equilibrium stage, which means that groundwater recharge ability has reduced about 36.82 %. Human activities in Liulin Springs have drastically changed the groundwater system. Piecewise grey system model is a robust method for hydrological process simulation.     

Acoustic emission from gas-filled coal under triaxial compression

Acoustic emission (AE) experiments have been performed on gas-saturated coal specimens under conventional triaxial compression. The AE characteristics were investigated for a methane gas flow through the coal specimen. One AE parameter, AE count, when normalized by the total count number was used to represent the damage evolution in the gassy coal. It is shown that this AE parameter is a reasonable indicator for damage occurring within the coal specimen since its envelope has almost the same shape as the complete stress–strain curve, except for a short time delay. In addition, the change in AE count is highly consistent with the change in coal permeability. Test results also show that methane containing coal emits a small number of AE events before entering the yield stage. AE activity gradually increases during the yield process up to the peak stress. The lowest permeability corresponds to the highest AE activity, implying failure will soon occur. An AE based constitutive model was constructed and the theoretical results agree well with those of experiments.     

Effects of AMF on soil enzyme activity and carbon sequestration capacity in reclaimed mine soil

A series of pot experiments and field trials were carried out to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on activities of soil enzymes and carbon sequestration capacity in reclaimed mine soil. A complex substrate of coal gangue, fly ash and sludge was used as reclaimed mine soil, and ryegrass was planted with AMF inoculation to construct a plant-complex substrate-microbe ecological restoration system. The changes to the soil organic carbon (SOC), activities of soil enzymes and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) were measured and the effects of AMF on activities of soil enzymes and carbon sequestration capacity in reclaimed mine soil were analyzed. The results show that the contents of GRSP (total glomalin (TG) and easily extractable glomalin (EEG)), SOC and activities of enzymes increased, and the increments were higher in the AMF inoculation treated plant-complex substrate-microbe ecological restoration systems than those with no AMF inoculated treatments after 12 months of ryegrass growth. TG, EEG and soil enzyme activity have a significant positive correlation, and the correlative coefficient was 0.427–0.573; SOC and TG, EEG have a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01), indicating that AMF plays an important role in carbon sequestration of reclaimed mine soils.     

Cytoplasm and nucleus segmentation in cervical smear images using Radiating GVF Snake

A Radiating Gradient Vector Flow (RGVF) Snake aiming at accurate extraction of both the nucleus and cytoplasm from a single-cell cervical smear image is proposed. After preprocessing, the areas in the image are roughly clustered into nucleus, cytoplasm and the background by a spatial K-means clustering algorithm. After initial contours are extracted, the image is segmented using RGVF. RGVF involves a new edge map computation method and a stack-based refinement, and is thus robust to contaminations and can effectively locate the obscure boundaries. The boundaries can also be correctly traced even if there are interferences near the cytoplasm and nucleus regions. Experiments performed on the Herlev dataset, which contains 917 images show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Relevance feature mapping for content-based multimedia information retrieval

This paper presents a novel ranking framework for content-based multimedia information retrieval (CBMIR). The framework introduces relevance features and a new ranking scheme. Each relevance feature measures the relevance of an instance with respect to a profile of the targeted multimedia database. We show that the task of CBMIR can be done more effectively using the relevance features than the original features. Furthermore, additional performance gain is achieved by incorporating our new ranking scheme which modifies instance rankings based on the weighted average of relevance feature values. Experiments on image and music databases validate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed framework.     

Tracking mobile users in wireless networks via semi-supervised colocalization

Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of sensor and sensor-network technologies, supporting important practical applications. One of the fundamental issues is how to accurately locate a user with few labeled data in a wireless sensor network, where a major difficulty arises from the need to label large quantities of user location data, which in turn requires knowledge about the locations of signal transmitters or access points. To solve this problem, we have developed a novel machine learning-based approach that combines collaborative filtering with graph-based semi-supervised learning to learn both mobile users' locations and the locations of access points. Our framework exploits both labeled and unlabeled data from mobile devices and access points. In our two-phase solution, we first build a manifold-based model from a batch of labeled and unlabeled data in an offline training phase and then use a weighted k-nearest-neighbor method to localize a mobile client in an online localization phase. We extend the two-phase colocalization to an online and incremental model that can deal with labeled and unlabeled data that come sequentially and adapt to environmental changes. Finally, we embed an action model to the framework such that additional kinds of sensor signals can be utilized to further boost the performance of mobile tracking. Compared to other state-of-the-art systems, our framework has been shown to be more accurate while requiring less calibration effort in our experiments performed on three different testbeds.     

专家系统及在化工中的应用展望

对计算机专家系统的发展过程,特点及其在化工中的应用作了简要介绍     

论文化借鉴对增强大学生英语学习动力的作用

许多大学生学习英语的动力局限于考试、升学、就业,实际上,除此以外,英语学习可以使大学生树立远大的理想,培养良好的道德,激发创造的潜能,只有这些才可以增强大学生学习英语的持久学习动力。英语里蕴藏的文化借鉴是增强英语学习动力的有效手段。     

基于模糊神经网络的感应加热电源温度控制

通过对原有感应加热电源温度控制方法的分析，提出了一种适合于非线性系统基于模糊神经网络的温度控制方法，并介绍了该系统的组成及实现方法。     

Propulsive performance of a fish-like travelling wavy wall

Summary. A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the viscous flow over a smooth wavy wall undergoing transverse motion in the form of a streamwise travelling wave, which is similar to the backbone undulation of swimming fish. The objective of this study is to elucidate hydrodynamic features of the flow structure over the travelling wavy wall and to get physical insights to the understanding of fish-like swimming mechanisms in terms of drag reduction and optimal propulsive efficiency. The effect of phase speed, amplitude and Reynolds number on the flow structure over the wavy wall, the drag force acting on the wall, and the power consumption required for the propulsive motion of the wall is investigated. The phase speed and the amplitude, which are two important parameters in this problem, predicted based on the optimal propulsive efficiency agree well with the available data obtained for the wave-like swimming motion of live fish in nature.