驱油流体吸附抑制剂的合成与评价

目的在化学驱的实施过程中,地层对驱油剂的吸附滞留是表面活性剂进入地层后含量损失的一种主要原因,为了减少驱油流体在地层的损耗成本而展开对驱油液体吸附抑制剂的研究。 方法以二氰二胺(DCD)、1-十八胺盐酸盐(OHC)为原料,基于亲核加成的原理采用熔融法在150 ℃下合成了一种针对驱油流体的吸附抑制剂OHCB,该表面活性剂同时具备强疏水基、强极性原子和阳离子基团,因此具有较强的占据黏土矿物表面吸附位点的能力。对其进行了红外吸收、紫外吸收、元素分析、质谱等结构表征,采用静态吸附法研究了其作为添加剂的最佳配比,并验证在最佳配比下对驱油剂AEO7的吸附抑制效果,以及该体系相较AEO7单一体系的静态洗油效率、乳化性及润湿性的变化。 结果OHCB抑制驱油剂AEO7在黏土矿物表面的吸附效果较好,在驱油剂与吸附抑制剂质量比为5∶1的情况下,抑制效果可达27%以上。 结论OHCB不仅具有较好的吸附抑制效果,且其加入使AEO7的静态洗油效率提升至27.3%、γ_cmc降至27.1 mV/m,CMC降至38 mg/L、油-水界面张力降至0.5 mV/m以下,对体系性能起到了协同增效的作用,并且相较于需要预吸附的牺牲剂,其使用更为便捷。      

Evaluation of Fatigue Crack Orientation Using Non-collinear Shear Wave Mixing Method

In this paper, a non-collinear shear wave mixing technique is proposed for evaluation of fatigue crack orientation. Numerical analysis of the nonlinear interaction of two shear waves with crack is performed using two-dimensional finite-element simulations. The simulation results show that the nonlinear interaction of the two shears waves with cracks leads to the generation of transmitted and reflected sum-frequency longitudinal waves (SFLW), moreover the propagation direction of reflected SFLW is correlated with the orientation of crack, which can be used for crack orientation evaluation. Non-collinear wave-mixing experiments were conducted on specimens with fatigue crack. The experimental results show that the directivity of the generated SFLW agrees well with the simulation results, and non-collinear shear wave mixing has potential use in fatigue crack orientation evaluation.     

Editable Supercapacitors with Customizable Stretchability Based on Mechanically Strengthened Ultralong MnO2 Nanowire Composite

Although some progress has been made on stretchable supercapacitors, traditional stretchable supercapacitors fabricated by predesigning structured electrodes for device assembling still lack the device‐level editability and programmability. To adapt to wearable electronics with arbitrary configurations, it is highly desirable to develop editable supercapacitors that can be directly transferred into desirable shapes and stretchability. In this work, editable supercapacitors for customizable shapes and stretchability using electrodes based on mechanically strengthened ultralong MnO₂ nanowire composites are developed. A supercapacitor edited with honeycomb‐like structure shows a specific capacitance of 227.2 mF cm^?2 and can be stretched up to 500% without degradation of electrochemical performance, which is superior to most of the state‐of‐the‐art stretchable supercapacitors. In addition, it maintains nearly 98% of the initial capacitance after 10 000 stretch‐and‐release cycles under 400% tensile strain. As a representative of concept for system integration, the editable supercapacitors are integrated with a strain sensor, and the system exhibits a stable sensing performance even under arm swing. Being highly stretchable, easily programmable, as well as connectable in series and parallel, an editable supercapacitor with customizable stretchability is promising to produce stylish energy storage devices to power various portable, stretchable, and wearable devices.     

4D动感数字电影控制系统的研究与实现

4D动感数字电影是信息时代数字化技术高速发展的产物,针对目前市场4D动感数字电影技术的现状,采用服务器/客户端的控制模式,提出了基于计算机网络的4D动感数字电影控制方案。将编辑数字电影的特效参数进行数据库存储,播放时利用局域网实现多端同步播放控制,根据播放数字电影的信息准确读取相应的编辑好的特效动作,实现4D动感影院环境的仿真控制,真正达到动感功能和影片播放的同步,提高数字电影特效效果从而营造4D效果。     

3-卤代吲唑水助质子转移反应机理的理论研究(英文)

在密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**理论水平上,对气相和水相中3-卤代吲唑瓦变异构体进行几何构型伞自由度优化,获得它们在气相和水相中的几何结构和电子结构,PCM反应场溶剂模型用于水相计算.结果显示在气相和水相中,3.卤代吲唑的N1-H形式比N2-H形式稳定.探讨了不同的3-取代基团和溶剂化效应对互变异构体的几何结构,能量,电荷分布以及互变异构反应活化能的影响等.进一步研究了3-卤代吲唑水催化质子迁移的反应机理,提出了平面五元环的过渡态结构.     

Fine Mapping and Functional Analysis of Major Regulatory Genes of Soluble Solids Content in Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida)

Soluble solids content (SSC) is an important quality trait of wax gourd, but reports about its regulatory genes are scarce. In this study, the SSC regulatory gene BhSSC2.1 in wax gourd was mined via quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping based on high-density genetic mapping containing 12 linkage groups (LG) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA)-seq. QTL mapping and BSA-seq revealed for the first time that the SSC QTL (107.658–108.176 cM) of wax gourd was on Chr2 (LG2). The interpretable phenotypic variation rate and maximum LOD were 16.033% and 6.454, respectively. The QTL interval contained 13 genes. Real-time fluorescence quantitative expression analysis, functional annotation, and sequence analysis suggested that Bch02G016960, named BhSSC2.1, was a candidate regulatory gene of the SSC in wax gourd. Functional annotation of this gene showed that it codes for a NADP-dependent malic enzyme. According to BhSSC2.1 sequence variation, an InDel marker was developed for molecular marker-assisted breeding of wax gourd. This study will lay the foundation for future studies regarding breeding and understanding genetic mechanisms of wax gourd.     

考虑热动态的综合能源系统碳排放流建模与分析

在电力系统低碳转型背景下,传统的源侧碳排放控制难以满足碳排放责任公平分摊需求,亟需对多能源网络进行碳排放流(即碳流)追踪,明确源网荷碳排放责任。基于此,提出了热网准动态碳流模型,并对综合能源系统碳流进行建模与分析。介绍了热网静态碳流的管道计算模型;从热损耗和热延时两方面对热网管道的动态特性进行描述;在此基础上,引入热网管道储能变量刻画2种情况下热动态特性对管道和节点碳流分布的影响;进一步地,提出了热电联产机组的碳势计算方法和储能设备各时刻平均碳势的计算方法,并总结了电、热网络碳流联合分析方法;通过算例分析了静态和准动态热网模型下综合能源系统的碳流分布结果,并考虑了负荷热惯性及机组碳势对碳流分布的影响。     

基于雾气特征与不等关系约束的去雾方法

针对现有去雾算法未充分考虑图像雾气信息、复原图像细节模糊等问题,提出一种新颖的反映图像雾信息分布的雾气特征图,并采用不等关系约束方法提高图像质量。首先,提取退化图像的极值通道以实现雾气信息的粗略估计,并通过L-1正则化对其进行优化从而得到雾气特征图。其次,提出一种基于雾气特征的初级大气光幕函数,通过对颜色通道和大气光幕作深入分析,利用均值不等式获得约束后的退化场景大气光幕。最后,利用雾气特征图对局部大气光进行改进,并基于大气散射模型实现图像去雾。将所提算法在真实雾图和合成数据集雾图上与其他经典方法进行比较分析,可以发现,所提算法在单幅图像去雾中展现了较好的性能,且在夜间雾图复原中更具优势。     

艾宾浩斯记忆曲线的防遗助记应用程序

针对用户有复习记忆的需求,本文设计了一款基于艾宾浩斯记忆曲线的“防遗助记”APP,主要包含遗忘复习模块、个人中心推荐模块以及用户登陆注册模块。该APP运用了Android技术、Spring Cloud、服务注册与发现技术以及个性化推荐算法来实现系统的功能,且将艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线融入遗忘复习模块中,可以辅助用户进行强化记忆。     

Evaluation of the passivation effect and the first-principles calculation on surface termination of germanium detector

The point-contact high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) has the advantages of low background, low energy threshold, and high energy resolution and can be applie...