我公司栲胶脱硫装置稳定低耗原因分析

我厂合成氨生产能力170kt/a,原脱硫工艺为改良ADA法和高塔再生,2000年改为栲胶法脱硫和喷射再生工艺,2001年净化系统改造时新增了变换气脱硫装置。由于操作控制、工艺管理得当,常脱和变脱两套装置运行稳定,没有发生过堵塔等异常情况,化工原料消耗较低,为国内先进水平。笔者根据多年的生产管理实践,对脱硫装置稳定低耗的原因分析总结如下,供同行参考。1　脱硫装置工艺状况1 1　工艺流程常脱装置和变脱装置均有独立的溶液吸收再生循环系统,溶液制备和硫回收共用一个系统。脱硫工艺流程见图1。图1　脱硫工艺流程图1 2　工艺参数(见表1)表…     

Volatilisation and catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species during the pyrolysis and gasification of Victorian brown coal. Part III. The importance of the interactions between volatiles and char at high temperature

A novel two-stage fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor was designed to investigate the effects of volatile-char interactions on the volatilisation of alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species during the pyrolysis of Victorian brown coal at 900 °C. With the two-stage reactor configuration, the AAEM-free volatiles generated from the pyrolysis of the H-form coal in the fluidised bed came into direct contact with the char from NaCl-loaded or Na-form coals in the fixed bed. The results indicated that the interactions between the volatiles, especially free radicals in the volatiles, and the char particles enhanced the volatilisation of Na from the char drastically. However, such radical-char interactions resulted in little volatilisation of Mg and Ca, indicating the importance of valence of the AAEM species. The degree of the volatile-char interactions was also related to the ageing of the char and the chemical form of AAEM species in the coal substrate. The volatiles interacted more strongly with the nascent char than the aged char, indicating that the AAEM species existed in the aged char in more stable forms than in the nascent char.     

Numerical simulation on bolted rock joint shearing performance

A Double Shear Model(DSM)was used in a numerical simulation on bolted rock joint shearing performance.An entire bolt deformed as the letter"U"under a shear load between two joints.Near the bolt-joint intersection,the bolt partly deformed as the letter"Z".There were two critical points along the bolt: one was at the bolt-joint intersection with zero bending moment and the other at the maximum bending moment(plastic hinge)with zero shear stress.The blocks on two sides slid along the bolt as it deformed.A separation area was found between the two joint contact surfaces of the middle rock block and sided block.This area of separation was related to bolt diameter and external forces.We assume that this area is related to the work of external forces.Further research is needed.     

稳定路径的Ad hoc网络QoS路由算法

移动Ad hoc网络中节点移动或能量耗尽会使得建立的QoS路径断裂而需重构路由,造成通信中断,对实时业务造成严重影响,提出了一种基于路径稳定性的QoS路由算法.该算法采用网络探测技术,综合考虑链路和节点稳定性,选择一条最稳定的路径进行通信,并实时监测路径状态变化,有效降低通信中断的概率.仿真表明,该算法有效改善了分组传送成功率、时延抖动等网络性能.     

基于ARM平台的嵌入式系统以太网接口的设计与实现

介绍了嵌入式以太网接口的设计与实现,采用S3C44B0x微控制器与以太网控制芯片RTL8019AS进行硬件设计,并对S3C44B0x的性能,RTL8019AS逻辑结构和工作原理及相关寄存器设置进行了分析和讨论,给出了相关硬件连接图及驱动程序的移植,实现嵌入式以太网的数据传输器并成功应用于电力远动系统的改造。     

Movement characteristics of Karst water in a deep mining area

In order to study the movement characteristics of groundwater in a deep mining area and solve the dispute of the distri-bution rule of hydro-chemical zoning which is contradicted by lixiviation water zoning in a horizontal direction, we directed our attention to the source of deep groundwater, its seepage and hydro-chemical characteristics in a typical mining area. We used a neotectonic water-control theory, chemical and isotope methods, as well as a method for analyzing dynamic groundwater conditions. The results indicate that 1) Karst water in the deep and medium parts of this mining area is recharged by vertical leakage through neotectonic fractures rather than seepage along strata from subcrop parts or surrounding flows; 2) from surface to deep leakage paths, the variation in the types of chemical groundwater agrees with the normal lixiviation water distribution rule and the age of mixed groundwater increases; 3) the water-rich zones along neotectonic fractures correspond with water-diluted zones in a hori-zontal direction; 4) the leakage coefficient and water capacity of aquifers increases during the flow process of Kant water along the antidip direction (from west to east) and 5) Karst water in shallow mining areas forms a strong runoff belt along strikes and quickly dilutes the water from deep and medium mining areas. Overall, chemical and dynamic water characteristics actually agree with in terms of the entire consideration for differences in vertical leakage and abnormalities in the zone of water chemical distribution, along a horizontal runoff direction.     

地方建筑材料的文化体现与应用

不同的地方材料体现着不同的地域风情,而同样的材料由于文化背景以及当地加工工艺等的不同亦表现出不同的地域特征.传统的地方材料如土、木、石、竹、芦苇、砖、瓦等在现代室内空间装饰中得到了不同形式的广泛应用.在全世界大力倡导"低碳环保、节能减排"的今天,地方建材的应用尤其值得重视.     

挠性转子磁力轴承系统LQ最优控制研究

在高温气冷堆氦气透平发电系统（HTR—IOGT）的相似性模拟实验装置AMB—PⅡ上,开展针对磁力轴承支承下挠性转子系统的优化控制研究。采用离散质量的集总参数法建立了相应转子动力学模型,通过适当模态截断简化获得了转子系统的状态方程。研究了LQ最优控制方法,分析了权重参数的选择对控制器的影响。仿真实验表明,输出反馈LQ结合相位补偿的控制器,具有物理意义清晰、系统结构简单和参数易于调节等优点。在AMB—PⅡ实验台架上不仅实现了转子的稳定悬浮,而且能够有效地抑制转子的高阶挠性模态振动,使转子顺利通过了二阶挠性临界转速,最高达到450Hz。该方法的研究为今后高温气冷堆氦气透平工程的磁力轴承实际应用提供了良好的设计参考。     

子午向几何缺陷冷却塔的结构性能分析

钢筋混凝土双曲线冷却塔由于施工误差、混凝土长期徐变或收缩将产生不同程度的几何缺陷.为了解子午向几何缺陷对双曲线冷却塔结构性能的影响,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对产生缺陷前、后2种模型进行各种工况下的计算对比,分析该缺陷对结构动力特性、静力特性及稳定性的影响.计算结果表明,子午向的几何缺陷提高了结构的水平抗侧刚度,提高了一阶振动频率,减小了结构在水平荷载下的变形;在风荷载或自重作用下,缺陷部位均发生应力集中现象.荷载组合后的计算结果表明,环向轴力和子午向弯矩增大,而环向弯矩和子午向轴力变化较小;缺陷对温度作用下结构的性能几乎没有影响.按规范进行的稳定分析表明,缺陷极大地降低了塔筒的局部稳定安全系数.但是特征值屈曲分析表明,在塔筒喉部半径缩小后,在水平荷载作用下的屈曲系数有所提高,而在竖向荷载下的屈曲系数有所降低,双曲线形状的改变对塔筒在不同方向荷载下的屈曲具有不同的影响效果.     

阳离子染料在D5反相微乳体系中的染色性能研究

分析阳离子染料在D5反相微乳体系中染色的可行性,确立阳离子染料在D5反相微乳体系中上染腈纶织物的工艺,并探讨入染前织物带液率、反相微乳液含水量对染色性能的影响。实验结果表明:腈纶织物在温度为60℃、pH值为4.5~5的水中进行预处理后,以一定带液率入染反相微乳体系的方法可行;优化的阳离子染料在D5反相微乳体系中的染色工艺为:染色温度85℃、染色时间20 min、浴比1∶10;研究中还发现入染前织物带液率的高低对织物得色深度有较大影响,随着带液率的增加,染色K/S值先增加后减少;反相微乳体系的含水量对织物的得色深度无明显影响。