1985年全国硫酸生产情况介绍

1985年全国硫酸产量为671.3万吨,包括发烟硫酸29.7万吨,其中硫磺制酸68.3万吨,冶炼烟气制酸110万吨,其余为硫铁矿制酸。1985年硫酸行业出现了建国以来最困难的局面,由多年的短线产品变成了长线产品,滞销产品,引起产量大幅度下降。与1984年相比,1985年下降了146万吨,其中因磷肥厂停产、减产而少用酸115万吨。初步统计,1985年全国普钙仅完成125.5万吨,比1984年减少了42.8万吨。1985年硫酸产量与历史最好年份1983年相比下降了198万吨,其中因磷肥减产少用酸179.5万吨。     

中碱玻璃纤维表面析碱与强度关系研究

本文通过中碱、无碱玻璃纤维单丝、原丝和方格布水侵蚀下的浸出动力学研究,强度变化研究以及偶联剂处理效果和对玻璃钢强度影响的研究,从而对我国大量工业生产的中碱玻璃纤维的耐水性能、强度性能有了更深刻的认识和评价,为中碱纤维的扩大应用和提高中碱玻璃钢的性能,提供更多的数据资料.     

Metalloorganic solution deposition of ferroelectric PZT films

The metallo-organic solution deposition (MOSD or sol-gel) technique can be used for preparing lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics with a wide range of compositions and crystal structures for electrooptical applications. Film morphology is affected by the stoichiometry of the film, hydrolysis and polymerization of the sol-gel solution, and thermal treatment of the deposited material. The lattice parameter decreases with the amount of titanium in the PZT, in agreement with ceramic data. A slight initial excess of lead in the coating solution is found to improve film morphology. Unlike traditional powder ceramic processing techniques, MOSD permits the growth of small uniform grains that are conducive to achieving consistent electronic and optical properties. Results show that the properties of films prepared by the MOSD process can be tailored to meet the needs of device applications.     

Comfort of personal protective equipment

The degree of comfort of personal protective equipment (PPE) was investigated in an automobile encapsulating plant. Up to 96.2% of employees used one or a combination of PPE. Only 8% of the workers felt their respirators were comfortable, 30% tolerated their respirators, and 62% rated them as uncomfortable. The percentage of employees who rated their PPE (other than a respirator) as comfortable ranged from 32 to 52%. For comfort factor, coveralls/aprons rated 52%, safety glasses 51%, rubber gloves 42%, and hearing protectors 36%. PPE was tolerable (just acceptable) for about 30% of the employees. To increase the effectiveness and safety of PPE, the human-factor aspects of PPE design should be emphasized more and quality improvement should cover the wearability of PPE.     

LiMn_(1-x)Fe_xPO_4正极材料制备方法的研究进展

橄榄石型LiMPO_4正极材料相对于层状结构正极材料具有更好的热稳定性。将Mn与Fe按一定比例混合得到的LiMn_(1-x)Fe_xPO_4正极材料,兼具了LiFePO_4和LiMnPO_4二者的优点,从而得到研究者们大量的关注。综述了近五年来LiMn_(1-x)Fe_xPO_4正极材料制备方法的研究进展,并对每种方法的优缺点进行分析,最后分析了该领域今后的发展方向。     

现代教育技术的新领域--机器人辅助教育

计算机辅助教育 与机器人辅助教育 自１９５８年ＩＢＭ公司研制成功第一套计算机教学系统以来,有关计算机辅助教育的研究,至今已开展４０余年了。目前计算机辅助教育已成为现代教育技术的主要技术手段之一,产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益。由于这４０余年来计算机技术的发展速度是举世公认的,所以伴随着计算机技术的这种飞速发展和广泛普及,将它作为现代教育技术的一种有效手段应用到教育领域也是一种历史的必然。 然而,机器人技术自诞生以来到现在也已近４０年了,并且它的发展速度也是有目共睹的,但它与现代教育技术之间的联系至…     

Ab initio determination of heavy oxide perovskite related structures from precession electron diffraction data

Two complex perovskite-related structures were solved by ab initio from precession electron diffraction intensities. Structure models were firstly derived from HREM images and than have been confirmed independently using two and three-dimensional sets of precession intensities. Patterson techniques prove to be effective for ab initio structure resolution, specially in case of projections with no overlapping atoms. Quality of precession intensity data may be suitable enough to resolve unknown heavy oxide structures.     

On the removal of shadows from images

This paper is concerned with the derivation of a progression of shadow-free image representations. First, we show that adopting certain assumptions about lights and cameras leads to a 1D, gray-scale image representation which is illuminant invariant at each image pixel. We show that as a consequence, images represented in this form are shadow-free. We then extend this 1D representation to an equivalent 2D, chromaticity representation. We show that in this 2D representation, it is possible to relight all the image pixels in the same way, effectively deriving a 2D image representation which is additionally shadow-free. Finally, we show how to recover a 3D, full color shadow-free image representation by first (with the help of the 2D representation) identifying shadow edges. We then remove shadow edges from the edge-map of the original image by edge in-painting and we propose a method to reintegrate this thresholded edge map, thus deriving the sought-after 3D shadow-free image.     

A simple Hebbian/anti-Hebbian network learns the sparse, independent components of natural images

Slightly modified versions of an early Hebbian/anti-Hebbian neural network are shown to be capable of extracting the sparse, independent linear components of a prefiltered natural image set. An explanation for this capability in terms of a coupling between two hypothetical networks is presented. The simple networks presented here provide alternative, biologically plausible mechanisms for sparse, factorial coding in early primate vision.