Hydrocracking of Gudao Residual Oil with Dispersed Catalysts Using Supercritical Water-Syngas as a Hydrogen Source

Heavy oil upgrading is a very important process in the petroleum industry, but is very difficult because it has a high impurity content. A variety of heavy oil upgrading technologies have been developed in the world, including the catalytic hydrocracking process, which can process various heavy oils with a high yield of liquid products. Although this technology is one of the most widely used methods for upgrading heavy oil, the use of expensive molecular hydrogen is costly. The heavy oil upgrading technology with alternative hydrogen is very important. The catalytic hydroconversion of Gudao residue with different catalysts using water-syngas as an alternative hydrogen was investigated in this study. Hydrogen is provided in-situ for hydrocracking through the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The experimental results show that catalysts play a very important role in catalytic hydroconversion of Gudao residue using water-syngas as an alternative hydrogen. Addition of catalysts to residue was found to improve the distribution or properties of cracking products and inhibit the asphaltene or TI formation.     

雷公藤栽培技术研究进展

雷公藤是一种用于治疗风湿顽痹的传统中药材,应用于抗类风湿性关节炎、抗肿瘤、肾小球疾病及皮肤病等多种疾病的治疗,还被开发用作生物农药.本文概述了近年来国内外对雷公藤栽培技术方面的研究进展,为雷公藤栽培和进一步的研究与开发提供依据.     

单晶硅太阳电池的表面织构化

一种新型的腐蚀剂 ,磷酸钠 (Na3PO4 ·12H2 O)溶液 ,首次被用来腐蚀单晶硅太阳电池。在 70℃下 ,用 3%的磷酸钠 (Na3PO4 ·12H2 O)溶液腐蚀 2 5min就能在硅片表面形成金字塔大小均匀、覆盖率高的绒面结构 ,并且其表面反射率也很低。通过SEM观察发现 :开始时 ,随着腐蚀时间的增加 ,金字塔的密度越来越大 ,最后达到饱和 ;而且对于不同的浓度 ,温度 ,这种饱和时间不同 ;如果腐蚀时间过长 ,金字塔的顶部就会发生崩塌 ,从而导致表面发射率的升高。虽然异丙醇 (IPA)在氢氧化钠 (NaOH)溶液中会明显地改善织构化的效果 ,但是在磷酸钠 (Na3PO4 ·12H2 O)溶液中却会对织构化有很强的负面效应。最后 ,在实验的基础上对腐蚀机理进行了深入地探讨并认为 :择优腐蚀是金字塔形成的最基本的原因 ,而缺陷、PO3 -4 或HPO2 -4 和异丙醇等仅仅是促进大金字塔形成的原因。这种腐蚀剂的成本很低 ,不易污染工作环境且可重复性好 ,所以有可能用于大规模生产。     

氮化硅薄膜对晶体硅材料和电池的钝化效果研究

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,在P型直拉单晶硅硅片和铸造多晶硅片以及太阳电池的表面上 沉积了非晶氮化硅(a-SiNx:H)薄膜,并研究了氮化硅薄膜对材料少子寿命和太阳电池性能的影响。研究发现: 氮化硅薄膜显著地提高了晶体硅材料中少子寿命,同时多晶硅太阳电池的开路电压有少量提高,短路电流普遍 提高了1mA/cm2,电池效率提高了2％。实验结果表明:氮化硅薄膜不仅具有表面钝化作用,也有良好的体钝化 作用。     

基于自适应滤波器在线解耦的磁场增强型永磁电机无位置传感器控制

针对磁场增强型永磁电机在零低速无位置传感器控制时,突出的次级凸极性谐波影响,以及位置观测振荡问题,该文提出一种基于自适应滤波器(ANF)在线解耦的无位置传感器控制算法.分析传统高频注入位置观测中转速及转子位置振荡的机理,以及多重凸极性耦合对高频信号注入观测的影响.在此基础上,构建自适应滤波器,对于特定次谐波进行在线解耦...     

Preparation,Properties, and Mechanism of Flame-Retardant Poly(vinyl alcohol) Aerogels Based on the Multi-Directional Freezing Method

In this work, exfoliated α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) and phosphated cellulose (PCF) were employed to synthesize poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogels (PVA/PCF/α-ZrP) with excellent flame retardancy through the multi-directional freezing method. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke release (TSR), and CO production (COP) of the (PVA/PCF₁₀/α-ZrP₁₀-3) composite aerogel were considerably decreased by 42.3%, 41.4%, and 34.7%, as compared to the pure PVA aerogel, respectively. Simultaneously, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved from 18.1% to 28.4%. The mechanistic study of flame retardancy showed evidence that PCF and α-ZrP promoted the crosslinking and carbonization of PVA chains to form a barrier, which not only served as insulation between the material and the air, but also significantly reduced the emissions of combustible toxic gases (CO₂, CO). In addition, the multi-directional freezing method further improved the catalytic carbonization process. This mutually advantageous strategy offers a new strategy for the preparation of composite aerogels with enhanced fire resistance.     

直拉单晶硅中氧沉淀的高温消融和再生长

重点研究了直拉(CZ)硅中氧沉淀在快速热处理(RTP)和常规炉退火过程中的高温消融以及再生长行为.实验发现,RTP是一种快速消融氧沉淀的有效方式,比常规炉退火消融氧沉淀更加显著.硅片经RTP消融处理后,在氧沉淀再生长退火过程中,硅中体微缺陷(BMD)的密度显著增加,BMD的平均尺寸略有增加;而经过常规炉退火消融处理后,在后续退火过程中,BMD的密度变化不大,但BMD的尺寸明显增大.氧沉淀消融处理后,后续退火的温度越高,氧沉淀的再生长越快.     

300mm掺氮直拉硅片的原生氧沉淀径向分布

采取从某一温度(600～1000℃)开始缓慢升温至高温(1150℃)并保温若干时间的方法,使得直拉Si片中大于起始温度对应的氧沉淀临界尺寸的那一部分原生氧沉淀得以长大,然后通过傅里叶红外光谱测量氧浓度变化以及利用扫描红外显微术测量氧沉淀密度.通过这样的方法,定性地研究了300mm掺N直拉Si片的原生氧沉淀的径向分布.研究表明:氧沉淀异常区域(称为P区)的原生氧沉淀密度显著高于空位型缺陷区域(称为V区);此外,V区中的原生氧沉淀的尺寸分布是不连续的,表现为高温下形成的大尺寸原生氧沉淀和低温下形成的小尺寸氧沉淀,而P区中的原生氧沉淀的尺寸分布则是连续的.我们从直拉Si晶体生长过程中原生氧沉淀的形成机制出发,对上述结果做了定性的解释.     

无序体系薛定谔算子格林函数及谱分布

无序体系通常有着独特的光电性质,随着材料应用的深入,无序体系渐渐引起关注.研究无序体系的物理性质,最重要的便是它的电子性质,这与薛定谔算子谱的性质有关.而研究薛定谔算子谱的性质,关键是要研究格林函数的衰减性.它从数理角度描述了微观粒子的运动状态,对相应物理现象的解释和预测很有意义.通过两类典型无序体系薛定谔算子格林函数的衰减性质及谱分布的相关推论,可以看出,两种算子具有一定相似性,但目前对这两种算子格林函数衰减性的研究采用的是不同的方法.后续可以寻求更统一的对准周期体系和随机体系或其他无序体系特征函数局域化的研究方法,并推广到更一般的无序体系中.     

Assembly of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Gelsemium elegans Revealed the Existence of Homologous Conformations Generated by a Repeat Mediated Recombination

Gelsemium elegans (G. elegans) is a Chinese medicinal plant with substantial economic and feeding values. There is a lack of detailed studies on the mitochondrial genome of G. elegans. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of G. elegans was sequenced and assembled, and its substructure was investigated. The mitochondrial genome of G. elegans is represented by two circular chromosomes of 406,009 bp in length with 33 annotated protein-coding genes, 15 tRNA genes, and three rRNA genes. We detected 145 pairs of repeats and found that four pairs of repeats could mediate the homologous recombination into one major conformation and five minor conformations, and the presence of conformations was verified by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. A total of 124 SSRs were identified in the G. elegans mitochondrial genome. The homologous segments between the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes accounted for 5.85% of the mitochondrial genome. We also predicted 477 RNA potential editing sites and found that the nad4 gene was edited 38 times, which was the most frequent occurrence. Taken together, the mitochondrial genome of G. elegans was assembled and annotated. We gained a more comprehensive understanding on the genome of this medicinal plant, which is vital for its effective utilization and genetic improvement, especially for cytoplasmic male sterility breeding and evolution analysis in G. elegans.