Nanoconfined Nickel@Carbon Core–Shell Cocatalyst Promoting Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalytic H2 Production

The realization of large‐scale solar hydrogen (H₂) production relies on the development of high‐performance and low‐cost photocatalysts driven by sunlight. Recently, cocatalysts have demonstrated immense potential in enhancing the activity and stability of photocatalysts. Hence, the rational design of highly active and inexpensive cocatalysts is of great significance. Here, a facile method is reported to synthesize Ni@C core–shell nanoparticles as a highly active cocatalyst. After merging Ni@C cocatalyst with CdS nanorod (NR), a tremendously enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic H₂‐production performance of 76.1 mmol g^?1 h^?1 is achieved, accompanied with an outstanding quantum efficiency of 31.2% at 420 nm. The state‐of‐art characterizations (e.g., synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near edge structure) and theoretical calculations strongly support the presence of pronounced nanoconfinement effect in Ni@C core–shell nanoparticles, which leads to controlled Ni core size, intimate interfacial contact and rapid charge transfer, optimized electronic structure, and protection against chemical corrosion. Hence, the combination of nanoconfined Ni@C with CdS nanorod leads to significantly improved photocatalytic activity and stability. This work not only for the first time demonstrates the great potential of using highly active and inexpensive Ni@C core–shell structure to replace expensive Pt in photocatalysis but also opens new avenues for synthesizing cocatalyst/photocatalyst hybridized systems with excellent performance by introducing nanoconfinement effect.     

Influence of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welding GH4169 Bolt Assembly—Numerical and Experimental Analysis

By conducting the numerical and experimental analysis, the influence of heat input on the microstructures and mechanical properties of laser welding GH4169 bolt assembly is systematically investigated. The weld formation, temperature field, and residual stress distribution during laser welding by using the finite element modeling are consistent with experimental results. The numerical simulation results show that the increase of heat input imparts lower residual stresses and higher temperature gradient. During the process of laser welding, the steepest temperature gradient and the peak residual stress arise in the fusion zone (FZ). In addition, the dissolution of γ″ and γ′ toward the fusion line increases in heat affected zone (HAZ), but only Laves phase is observed in FZ. With increasing heat input from 24 to 48 J mm⁻¹, the ultimate tensile strength of welded joints decreases. Both the lowest microhardness values and tensile failure of GH4169 alloy laser welded joint are in FZ. Herein, it is that the relationship among the heat input, microstructures, and mechanical properties of GH4196 bolt assembly in laser welding is systematically established, which will be of guiding significance for the selection of welding parameters in aerospace.     

模拟电路故障诊断的约束聚类集成BP网络算法

针对通用BP网络对于高纬度、大数据量训练收敛困难的问题,在使用动量因子、自适应调整学习速率等方法的基础,引入约束聚类,构造集成神经网络,以提高网络的训练速度及诊断效果;首先,采用约束聚类算法将训练样本集划分为若干个规模相当的子样本集,分别训练生成相应子网络;此外,在诊断过程中除各子网络的输出变量外,还加入了诊断数据相对各子训练样本集的隶属度因子;最后通过一个实际电路板25维采样数据、38类故障的BP网络诊断实例验证了算法的可行性。     

Tissue dynamics spectroscopy for three-dimensional tissue-based drug screening

Tissue dynamics spectroscopy combines dynamic light scattering with short-coherence digital holography to capture intracellular motion inside multicellular tumor spheroid tissue models. The cellular mechanical activity becomes an endogenous imaging contrast agent for motility contrast imaging. Fluctuation spectroscopy is performed on dynamic speckle from the proliferating shell and hypoxic core to generate drug-response spectrograms that are frequency versus time representations of the changes in spectral content induced by an applied compound or an environmental perturbation. A combination of 28 reference compounds and conditions applied to rat osteogenic UMR-106 spheroids generated spectrograms that were crosscorrelated in a similarity matrix used for unsupervised hierarchical clustering of similar compound responses. This work establishes the feasibility of tissue dynamics spectroscopy for three-dimensional tissue-based phenotypic profiling of drug response as a fully endogenous probe of the response of tissue to reference compounds.     

Design of internal pins in injection mold CAD via the automatic recognition of undercut features

A methodology to deal with the automatic design of internal pins in injection mold CAD via the automatic recognition of undercut features is developed. The approach to automatically identifying the undercut features is first proposed. For the given parting directions, all the inner and outer undercut features are identified based on the topological relationship of geometrical entities. The outer edge loop, which represents the largest cross-section boundary along the given parting directions, is extracted and patched up. The surfaces of molding are then identified based on the classifications of their geometrical entities. To identify the deep inner undercuts in the molding, the projection of the main core, internal pins and their bounding boxes along the parting direction and the pin withdrawal direction are generated. Upon determination of whether the bounding boxes of any two internal pins and the main core projection have intersection area, the deep inner undercuts are located. The complete methodology is finally implemented and verified through case studies and the efficiency of the methodology in handling complex molded parts is thus illustrated.     

Real-time foveation filtering using nonlinear Mipmap interpolation

In recent years, several techniques have been proposed to simulate the gaze effect of the Human Visual System (HVS). It is believed that this effect is due to the foveation filtering. Current techniques to simulate the foveation filtering in computer graphics are either slow or suffer from artifacts and limitations. In this paper, we present a new approach of foveation filtering based on the Mipmap Pyramid of the current view by considering the relationship between the Gaussian kernel and Mipmap level. Due to the nonlinear Mipmap interpolation under the Bilateral Filtering scheme, we are able to simulate the foveation filtering more naturally and efficiently than in previous work. Moreover, a detail enhancement method based on the Cornsweet illusion is proposed to augment the gazing effect. We demonstrate our new approach with a variety of examples and provide comparisons with recent approaches.     

基于CompactPCI体系的高性能监测测向处理平台研究

提出一种新的高速并行采样技术架构以及基于可编程芯片技术和支持灵活配置的并行处理嵌入式硬件架构。该平台集多通道高速采集、大容量数据存储、高性能DSP与大规模FPGA紧耦合实时处理等功能于一体,在综合集成与应用方面具有创新性,能够保障对多模式、多速率、多频段信号分析在信号层上频域的宽阔全覆盖和时域的连续性,同时又因其硬件上提供了丰富的资源裕量,因而可以满足信息层上对多种标准和协议分析的需求及应对其未来的演进。     

Tracking in a Dense Crowd Using Multiple Cameras

Tracking people in a dense crowd is a challenging problem for a single camera tracker due to occlusions and extensive motion that make human segmentation difficult. In this paper we suggest a method for simultaneously tracking all the people in a densely crowded scene using a set of cameras with overlapping fields of view. To overcome occlusions, the cameras are placed at a high elevation and only people’s heads are tracked. Head detection is still difficult since each foreground region may consist of multiple subjects. By combining data from several views, height information is extracted and used for head segmentation. The head tops, which are regarded as 2D patches at various heights, are detected by applying intensity correlation to aligned frames from the different cameras. The detected head tops are then tracked using common assumptions on motion direction and velocity. The method was tested on sequences in indoor and outdoor environments under challenging illumination conditions. It was successful in tracking up to 21 people walking in a small area (2.5 people per m²), in spite of severe and persistent occlusions.     

体验设计乐趣 增强环保意识——在初中美术设计课中渗透绿色设计理念的教学探究

当今,环境问题的日益突出,绿色设计越来越引起了人们的重视,已成为一种全新的设计理念。作为一名初中美术教师,应该将这一全新的理念通过初中美术设计课渗透到每个学生的头脑中,这对于他们了解现代设计,曾强环保意识显得尤为重要。文章中提出了几点在初中美术设计课中切实可行的做法,将绿色设计理念渗透到设计课教学的各个环节,旨在把环境教育寓于美术教学中,使学生曾强社会责任感,强化环保行为。     

面向集装箱字符识别的预处理算法

由于光照,油污,采集图像受天气影响等原因,使集装箱箱号图像背景复杂,给分割识别带来困难.为解决这些问题,主要研究集装箱箱号图像预处理算法.根据原始图像特点,先利用形态学腐蚀运算、膨胀运算滤除噪声,在此基础上运用简单统计法结合Prewitt边缘检测算子的方法对具有复杂背景的集装箱箱号图像二值化,使用基于特征值公式的集装箱箱号字符分割方法准确分割字符.试验结果表明,此方法较好完成对集装箱箱号原始图像的预处理.