The E3 Ligase GmPUB21 Negatively Regulates Drought and Salinity Stress Response in Soybean

E3-ubiquitin ligases are known to confer abiotic stress responses in plants. In the present study, GmPUB21, a novel U-box E3-ubiquitin ligase-encoding gene, was isolated from soybean and functionally characterized. The expression of GmPUB21, which possesses E3-ubiquitin ligase activity, was found to be significantly up-regulated by drought, salinity, and ABA treatments. The fusion protein GmPUB21-GFP was localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and plasma membrane. Transgenic lines of the Nicotiana benthamiana over-expressing GmPUB21 showed more sensitive to osmotic, salinity stress and ABA in seed germination and inhibited mannitol/NaCl-mediated stomatal closure. Moreover, higher reactive oxygen species accumulation was observed in GmPUB21 overexpressing plants after drought and salinity treatment than in wild-type (WT) plants. Contrarily, silencing of GmPUB21 in soybean plants significantly enhanced the tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. Collectively, our results revealed that GmPUB21 negatively regulates the drought and salinity tolerance by increasing the stomatal density and aperture via the ABA signaling pathway. These findings improved our understanding of the role of GmPUB21 under drought and salinity stresses in soybean.     

Velocity and turbulence characteristics in an open channel with multi-row staggered vegetation patches

A staggered distribution of vegetation is very common in nature,which might significantly affect the flow structure.To investigate its impact,three rows of stag...     

浅析建立企业标准体系必须结合企业自身实际情况

目前，很多企业已经建立了GB／T19001、GB／T28001、GB／T24001管理体系，为了在更大的范围和更深的层次上提高企业的管理水平，一些企业还在寻求更多管理体系的认证或确认，还有些企业在寻求不同管理体系的整合和提高，按照GB／T15496、GB／T15497、GB／T15498和GB／T19273的2003版标准建立的企业标准体系也是规范企业所有的管理工作的有效手段。对于有管理经验积累的企业而言，管理体系的运行在一定时期后，企业标准化水平会得到一定提高。但是，如何不断提高运行的有效性与更好地协调各管理体系的兼容性，是摆在我们面前的一个新课题。笔者结合本公司建立企业标准体系的实践经验，阐述了建立企业标准体系，实现企业管理水平持续改进必须要结合企业自身实际情况。     

基于LCC理论的软件项目多目标权衡

传统的软件项目成本模型只反映出与工作量有关的费用,对于因质量不足而引起的成本无法度量.将全寿命周期成本(LCC)理论应用于软件项目成本计算,按照分部分项方法建立了软件项目的完全成本模型.在软件项目工期-成本二维权衡模型的基础上,通过设置多级指标体系对软件项目质量进行量化,从而将软件质量纳入权衡目标,在此基础上构建了软件项目工期、成本、质量的多目标权衡离散模型,运用改进的禁忌搜索算法求解模型,以可视化三维曲面输出帕累托非劣解,最后分析了项目决策者获得项目最佳实施模式的途径.     

The working mechanism of organic photovoltaic cell by using copper phthalocyanine as exciton blocking layer

We demonstrate the working mechanism of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as exciton blocking layer (EBL). The new EBL material CuPc, commonly has been used as electron donor in the organic solar cells due to its electron-donating and hole-transporting properties. But here we proves that the α-polymorph CuPc layer can transfer electrons to Al cathode through the half-filled b_1g level, this mechanism is different from that of general EBL material with larger band gap and electron-transporting property, which is based on damage states induced by the heat of evaporating Al.     

牛α-乳白蛋白-油酸复合物对肿瘤细胞能量代谢的影响

本研究以人肝癌细胞(HepG2)为对象,分为α-LA-OA处理组、牛-α乳白蛋白(α-LA)处理组和溶剂对照组,以细胞的糖酵解和线粒体有氧呼吸2个过程中胞外酸化率和细胞耗氧率的变化水平为衡量指标,评估α-LA-OA对肿瘤细胞能量代谢的影响.结果表明,α-LA-OA能够显著性降低人肝癌细胞的糖酵解能力以及线粒体有氧呼吸能...     

Strength,strain capacity and toughness of five dual-phase pipeline steels

The effect of microstructures on strength, strain capacity and low temperature toughness of a micro-alloyed pipeline steel was elucidated. Five various dual-pha...     

Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.     

酚醛树脂弱凝胶驱注入速度的研究

注入速度是弱凝胶驱开发过程中重要的设计参数,选取成胶时间3d的酚醛树脂弱凝胶体系,考察了注入速度对弱凝胶驱油效果的影响.结果表明,随着注入速度增加,对低渗层易造成伤害,注入速度由1 mL/min提高至12 mL/min时,高渗层的分流率由33.7％增加至54.9％,高渗层封堵效果变差,提高采收率下降了7.74％.提出弱凝胶体系注入速度不宜过大.     

高黏度牛顿流体中砂粒运动实验研究

为了解决疏松砂岩稠油油藏开采过程中的砂粒运移问题,基于固液两相流理论及实验流体力学理论,利用研制的高黏度流体颗粒自由沉降实验装置,分别开展了高黏度牛顿流体中球形颗粒的自由沉降实验、砂粒的自由沉降实验和不同含砂体积分数下混合黏度变化规律实验,根据实验结果,建立了不同粒径范围的阻力系数模型以及混合黏度模型。研究表明,高黏油混合黏度存在相应的临界值,在实验条件下,含砂体积分数为0.1%时,混合黏度达到最低,不利于携砂。结合上述模型和实验结果,建立了高黏度牛顿流体中的砂粒运动模型,揭示了高黏介质中颗粒的特定运移规律,为今后稠油携砂流动规律理论研究奠定了基础。