不同杀菌剂对玉米丝黑穗病原菌室内抑菌作用

采用孢子萌发法测定了戊唑醇、三唑酮、多菌灵和福美双4种杀菌剂对玉米丝黑穗病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用和毒力。结果表明，戊唑醇对玉米丝黑穗病菌孢子的萌发抑制作用最强，EC50为0．0369mg／L，表现出非常高的毒力．显著高于其他3种药剂．是防治该病害非常优秀的杀菌剂。     

采用低温等离子体技术净化柴油机排气微粒

本文对当前柴油机排气微粒后处理技术进行了分析，总结了低温等离子体技术在柴油机排气微粒后处理领域的应用情况，介绍了国内外的一些主要研究成果，并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

金属熔体结构及其控制技术的研究进展

综述了国内外在熔体结构研究方面的现状与进展,介绍了通过控制合金熔体的预结晶状态来改善合金组织和性能的相关技术及成果。可以得出：温度和压力可使金属熔体发生液／液结构转变,金属熔体结构随温度的变化存在滞后性,利用熔体结构随温度变化的滞后性可控制合金的凝固过程、明显细化合金的凝固组织、大大提高合金的力学性能。     

Ge_4Se_(96)红外玻璃的热力学性能

通过融熔-淬冷法制备了Ge_4Se_(96)硫系玻璃块状试样,利用等温步阶方法(stepwise method)测定其DSC曲线,并采用新算法对Ge_4Se_(96)玻璃的比热进行了分析计算。通过比热算出Gibbs自由能变化△G和熵变△S,得到了△G和△S随温度变化的曲线,确定了Kauzmann温度Tk。采用热机械分析(TMA)确定了Ge_4Se_(96)玻璃的应变点、退火点、玻璃转变点、屈服点和软化点的特征温度。结果表明,Ge_4Se_(96)的玻璃化转变温度Tg是52℃,平均热膨胀系数是△L/L0=(0.0557T-1.7576)/10~3,Kauzmann温度T_k=233.5 K。     

微粒捕集器对柴油机性能影响的研究

柴油机排气微粒捕集技术是实现柴油机微粒排放控制的一个非常有效的技术，然而，微粒捕集器也会对柴油机的性能产生一定的影响。通过大量的柴油机台架试验，研究了微粒捕集器对ＹＣ６１０８柴油机的动力性、燃油经济性以及排放性能的影响，研究结果可以为微粒捕集器的正确使用及再生控制策略的确定提供依据。     

柴油机微粒金属丝网过滤体特性及反吹再生的初步研究

根据柴油机排气微粒净化的需要,开发出一种新型烧结金属丝网过滤体。对金属丝网过滤体的阻力特性和微粒捕集特性进行了试验研究;同时根据金属丝网过滤体的特点,设计了压缩空气脉冲反吹过滤体再生系统,并进行了初步的再生试验。研究结果表明,金属丝网过滤体具有良好的特性,完全能够满足柴油机排气微粒捕集的要求;金属丝网过滤体反吹再生是可行的。     

苯乙烯有机废水TOC与COD相关性研究

研究了苯乙烯生产有机废水总有机碳(TOC)与化学需氧量(COD)的相关性。用日本岛津公司TOC-VCPH总有机碳分析仪测定了苯乙烯生产有机废水的TOC,同时用标准重铬酸钾法测定COD,建立了COD与TOC之间回归方程,表明了它们之间有很好的相关性。并对其进行精密度和准确度分析,为该水体中有机物的TOC监测代替COD监测提供了实践依据。     

Long-term visibility trends in one highly urbanized, one highly industrialized, and two rural areas of Taiwan

Visibility trends on the island of Taiwan were investigated employing visibility and meteorological (1961-2003), and air pollutant (1994-2003) data from one highly urbanized center (Taipei), one highly industrialized center (Kaohsiung), and two rural centers (Hualien and Taitung). Average annual visibility (1961-2003) was significantly higher at the rural centers. Unlike at the other centers, visibility in Taipei improved between 1992 (6.6 km) and 2003 (9.9 km), and this can be linked to the construction and expansion of a mass transit rail system in Taipei, the use of which has helped reduce emissions of traffic related air pollutants, particles, and NO2. This has left Kaohsiung with the lowest annual visibility since 1994, despite its 1961-2003 average being superior to that of Taipei. Precipitation lowers visibility, as demonstrated by the all-centers correlation coefficient for visibility and precipitation of -0.92. Hence, frequency of precipitation is one of the factors contributing to the average annual visibility number. The poorest air quality category ('episode'), most commonly experienced in Taipei and Kaohsiung, was characterized by relatively high concentrations of PM10 and NOx at those centers, with comparatively high atmospheric pressure and comparatively low visibility and wind speed. Excepting O3, pollutant concentrations were slightly higher during weekdays, although there was no consistent, significant difference in weekday-weekend visibility. Principal component analysis demonstrated that visibility was markedly reduced in Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Hualien by increased vehicular emissions, road traffic dust, and industrial activity, but not in Taitung, where visibility was as a result superior to that at the other centers and degradation in visibility was likely a response to long-range transport of pollutants rather than local sources. Optimal empirical regression models indicated a negative impact on visibility for each of PM10, SO2 and NO2, particularly so for PM10, and validity of these models for Taipei, Kaohsiung, and Hualien was confirmed by correlation coefficients of simulated and observed average visibility of 0.63-0.72 for daily visibility and 0.85-0.88 for monthly visibility. For Taitung these figures were only 0.46 and 0.50, respectively, indicating that simulations for Taitung should include long-range transport as a pollutant source.     

Runoff of pharmaceuticals and personal care products following application of biosolids to an agricultural field

Municipal biosolids are a source of nutrients for crop production. Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) can be used to minimize the risk of contamination of adjacent water resources with chemical or microbial agents that are of public or environmental health concern. In this field study, we applied biosolids slurry at a commercial rate using either subsurface injection or broadcast application followed by incorporation. Precipitation was simulated at 1, 3, 7, 22, 36 and 266 days post-application on 2 m² microplots to evaluate surface runoff of 9 model pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), atenolol, carbamazepine, cotinine, gemfibrozil, naproxen, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan. In runoff from the injected plots, concentrations of the model PPCPs were generally below the limits of quantitation. In contrast, in the broadcast application treatment, the concentrations of atenolol, carbamazepine, cotinine, gemfibrozil, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan on the day following application ranged from 70-1477 ng L^− 1 in runoff and generally declined thereafter with first order kinetics. The total mass of PPCPs mobilized in surface runoff per m² of the field ranged from 0.63 µg for atenolol to 21.1 µg for ibuprofen. For ibuprofen and acetaminophen, concentrations in runoff first decreased and then increased, suggesting that these drugs were initially chemically or physically sequestered in the biosolids slurry, and subsequently released in the soil. Carbamazepine and triclosan were detected at low concentrations in a runoff event 266 days after broadcast application. Overall, this study showed that injection of biosolids slurry below the soil surface could effectively eliminate surface runoff of PPCPs.     

基于钻井液漏失侵入深度预测的裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层改造优化

四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏具有储层低孔低渗、埋藏深,储层温度高,层厚,裂缝、孔洞较发育,非均质性强、含H₂S,岩石闭合应力高等特点。通过前期技术攻关,形成了适合高石梯-磨溪低渗透储层增产改造工艺技术,一定程度上提高了区块低渗区的单井产量。储层裂缝孔洞较发育,钻井完井过程中不可避免地漏失大量钻井液,造成储层深部污染损害。因钻井液漏失侵入深度不明确,酸化设计中的酸液波及范围无法界定,故常规酸化技术不能完全解除漏失的钻井液对储层的深度损害,降低了储层酸化改造效率。建立了基于溶质运移与对流扩散理论的裂缝网络性钻井液漏失侵入深度预测模型,结合现场实例井,预测了钻井液漏失最大侵入深度,明确了储层污染堵塞范围,为储层酸化设计的酸液规模和酸化范围提供量化依据,试验井改造效果明显,提高了酸化改造效率。