银-明胶型缩微品的冲洗与保存——GB/T 15737-2014主要内容宣贯(续前)

本文对GB/T 15737-2014《银-明胶型缩微品的冲洗与保存》的主要内容以及标准修订过程中的一些考虑,进行了介绍。     

地震作用下楼梯破坏机制研究

根据汶川地震和玉树地震中楼梯的破坏情况,系统分析了现存建筑物结构中楼梯在地震作用下的破坏形态及破坏原因,并提出了相应的设计建议,对今后的楼梯抗震设计具有一定参考价值。     

北斗坡公路隧道洞口段长管棚施工工艺

以地质条件复杂的北斗坡公路隧道出洞口段长管棚超前注浆支护为例,详细介绍了长管棚的施工流程和施工注意事项,对类似地下隧道工程洞口段支护施工有一定的借鉴作用。     

加拉蒂亚选煤厂扩大生产能力

加拉蒂亚选煤厂扩大生产能力Ｓ·Ｒ·里德等克尔麦克吉公司的加拉蒂亚选煤厂，为了便于设备的维护与修理，将选煤厂的车间设计为低矮式。该厂设计的总体目标是在保持尽可能高的设备利用率的同时，长期维持尽可能低的维护和维修费用。１９９４年，该厂的选煤能力从每年入洗...     

现代汽车维修现状、技术设备与质量管理分析

随着我国社会的发展,人民生活水平的提升,汽车在人们日常生活中发挥着越来越大的作用。人们的需求推动了汽车行业朝着现代化的方向发展,使得汽车制不过在使用过程中,不可避免地会出现一些问题,这时就需要及时对汽车进行维修。本文通过对目前我国汽车维修行业的不足之处进行分析,提出了一些对技术设计行之有效的策略,以期能够对我国汽车维修和质量管理工作做出贡献。     

银掺杂介孔二氧化钛的制备及可见光催化性能

以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板、钛酸四丁酯为钛源、硝酸银为掺杂离子前驱体,通过液晶模板辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备银掺杂介孔二氧化钛(Ag/MT),借助于X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、差热分析仪、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见分光光度计、透射电子显微镜等对样品的结构进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,探讨了合成产物的可见光催化性能。结果表明:银掺杂降低了介孔二氧化钛(MT)粒径和光生电子-空穴复合率,提高了比表面积和Ti 3+和羟基浓度,使得Ag/MT的光催化活性高于纯MT和P25,银掺杂减小TiO2带隙能,使其具有很高的可见光催化活性。最佳光催化条件为Ag/MT和MB的浓度分别为0.6g/L和1mg/L。     

基于三维荧光光谱的亚麻籽油煎炸过程油质变化研究

本文利用三维荧光光谱技术研究亚麻籽油煎炸马铃薯条过程中油品质量的变化,同时结合感官分析、酸价和极性组分检验项目确定亚麻籽油煎炸使用极限。研究表明,煎炸30 h是三维荧光光谱的变化结点,与理化指标得到的煎炸使用极限具有一致性,说明三维荧光光谱技术可初步判断煎炸使用极限具有可行性。     

Remediation of methyl iodide in aqueous solution and soils amended with thiourea

Methyl iodide (MeI) is considered a very promising fumigant alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for controlling soil-borne pests. Because atmospheric emission of highly volatile fumigants contributes to air pollution, feasible strategies to reduce emissions are urgently needed. In this study, thiourea (a nitrification inhibitor) was shown to accelerate the degradation of MeI in soil and water. In aqueous solution, the reaction between MeI and thiourea was independent of pH, although the rate of MeI hydrolysis increased in alkaline solution. Substantial increases in the rate of MeI dissipation were observed in thiourea-amended soils. Transformation of MeI by thiourea in aqueous solution was by a single chemical reaction process, while MeI degradation in thiourea-amended soil apparently involved a catalytic mechanism. The electron delocalization between the thiourea molecule and the surfaces of soil particles is energetically favorable and would increase the nucleophilic reactivity of the thiono group toward MeI, resulting in an enhancement of the dissipation rate. The soil half-life for MeI was reduced from >300 h for unamended soils to only a few hours in soil or sand amended with thiourea at a 2:1 molar ratio (thiourea:MeI). The MeI transformation rate in thiourea-amended soil increased with increasing soil temperature and decreasing soil moisture. Therefore, spraying thiourea on the soil surface to form a "reactive surface barrier" may be an effective and innovative strategy for controlling fumigant emissions to the atmosphere and for improving environmental protection.     

Analysis of lagoon samples from different concentrated animal feeding operations for estrogens and estrogen conjugates

Although Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) have been identified as potentially important sources for the release of estrogens into the environment, information is lacking on the concentrations of estrogens in whole lagoon effluents (including suspended solids) which are used for land application. Lagoons associated with swine, poultry, and cattle operations were sampled at three locations each for direct analysis for estrogens by GC/ MS/MS and estrogen conjugates by LC/MS/MS. Estrogen conjugates were also analyzed indirectly by first subjecting the same samples to enzyme hydrolysis. Solids from centrifuged samples were extracted for free estrogens to estimate total estrogen load. Total free estrogen levels (estrone, 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, estriol) were generally higher in swine primary (1000-21000 ng/L), followed by poultry primary (1800-4000 ng/L), dairy secondary (370-550 ng/L), and beef secondary (22-24 ng/L) whole lagoon samples. Swine and poultry lagoons contained levels of 17(alpha-estradiol comparable to those of 17beta-estradiol. Confirmed estrogen conjugates included estrone-3-sulfate (2-91 ng/L), 17beta-estradiol-3-sulfate (8-44 ng/L), 17alpha-estradiol-3-sulfate (141-182 ng/L), and 17beta-estradiol-17-sulfate (72-84 ng/L) in some lagoons. Enzymatic hydrolysis indicated the presence of additional unidentified estrogen conjugates not detected bythe LC/MS/MS method. In most cases estrogen conjugates accounted for at least a third of the total estrogen equivalents. Collectively, these methods can be used to better determine estrogen loads from CAFO operations, and this research shows that estrogen conjugates contribute significantly to the overall estrogen load, even in different types of CAFO lagoons.