The Journal of Supercomputing - This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional guidance method based on clock synchronization algorithms, creatively solving the problems of randomized change,... 相似文献
This research report describes the influence of the reducing atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace (OBF) and traditional blast furnace (TBF) on the softening and melting behaviour of lump and lump-sinter mixed burdens assessed by using the softening and melting test. The results reveal that in the OBF atmosphere, the softening and melting properties of lump ore is improved compared with that of the TBF, since the development of reduction degree increased the quantity of the iron phase in the burden particle, and decreased the quantity of slag phase with low melting temperature. In addition, the analysis on the microstructure of burden particles revealed that the interaction effect also occurred at the interface between lump and sinter particles in OBF case. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope images shows that the interface is still distinguishable when the samples of OBF case reached 60% contraction ratio (1379°C), whereas in the case of TBF, the interface almost disappeared above 40% contraction, and became completely undistinguishable at 60% contraction ratio (1290°C). This illustrates that, under the OBF condition, the starting temperature of interaction is raised, and the effect intensity is weakened. 相似文献
In this paper, we investigate sufficient and necessary conditions of uniform local exponential stability (ULES) for the discrete-time nonlinear switched system (DTNSS). We start with the definition of T-step common Lyapunov functions (CLFs), which is a relaxation of traditional CLFs. Then, for a time-varying DTNSS, by constructing such a T-step CLF, a necessary and sufficient condition for its ULES is provided. Afterwards, we strengthen it based on a T-step Lipschitz continuous CLF. Especially, when the system is time-invariant, by the smooth approximation theorem, the Lipschitz continuity condition of T-step CLFs can further be replaced by continuous differentiability; and when the system is time-invariant and homogeneous, due to the extension of Weierstrass approximation theorem, T-step continuously differentiable CLFs can even be strengthened to be T-step polynomial CLFs. Furthermore, three illustrative examples are additionally used to explain our main contribution. In the end, an equivalence between time-varying DTNSSs and their corresponding linearisations is discussed. 相似文献
Iron ore sintering is the second most energy-consuming process in steelmaking. The main source of energy for it is the combustion of carbon. To find ways of reducing the energy consumption, it is necessary to predict the carbon efficiency. In this study, the comprehensive carbon ratio (CCR) was taken to be a measure of carbon efficiency, and a hybrid multistep model (HMSM) was built to calculate it. First, the sintering process was analyzed, and the key characteristics of the process parameters were extracted. Next, an HMSM that combines mechanism modeling, data-driven modeling, and integrated modeling was constructed based on the characteristics of the process parameters. The model has three levels: the prediction of key state parameters, yield prediction, and mechanism modeling. First, an integrated fuzzy predictive model predicts the key state parameters based on the evaluation of current operating conditions. Next, predicted values of the state parameters along with key material parameters are used as inputs for a particle swarm optimization-based backpropagation neural network predictive model that predicts the yield. Finally, the predicted yield is fed into the mechanism model, which calculates the CCR. Mechanism and data correlation analyses were used to determine the most appropriate inputs for the three levels. Model verification using actual process data showed that the HMSM accurately predicted the CCR. More specifically, the relative error was in the range (0 %, 2 %] for 91 % of the test samples, and the maximum error was only 5 %. This model lays the groundwork for increasing the carbon efficiency of iron ore sintering.