谐波地震采油技术在大港油田的现场试验

谐波地震采油技术是为开展适合稠油、低渗透油田高效开采的采收率技术研究而提出的一项物理法处理油层技术,是一项新的三次采油技术.分析了谐波地震采油技术提高原油采收率的原理、技术特点和油藏适用条件.从区块选择、方案设计、现场实施和效果评价等方面详细介绍了大港油田港西二区二断块谐波地震采油先导性矿场试验的情况,该断块谐波地震采油井段长850 m,共振动94 d,74口油井受益,采用自然递减法统计,3个月内累计增油4 693 t.现场试验表明,应用谐波地震采油技术可以提高原油采收率,且施工工艺简单,操作方便,投入少,产出高,对地层无伤害、无污染.     

Catalyst-free and solvent-free oxidation of cycloalkanes (C5-C8) with molecular oxygen: Determination of autoxidation temperature and product distribution

Autoxidation of cycloalkanes(C5–C8) with molecular oxygen under catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions was conducted systematically for the first time, focusing on the autoxidation temperature and product distribution. The autoxidation of cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane and cyclooctane occurs at 120 ℃,130 ℃, 120 ℃, and 105 ℃ respectively, with obvious oxidized products formation. At 140 ℃, 145 ℃, 130 ℃ and 125 ℃, acceptable yields of the oxidized products could be obtained for them, and the oxidized product distributions were investigated in detail. The autoxidation of cycloalkanes follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the apparent activation energies(E_a) for the autoxidation of cyclopentane and cyclohexane are 159.76 kJ·mol~(-1) and 86.75 kJ·mol~(-1) respectively. This study can act as an important reference in screen of suitable reaction temperature and comparison of the performance of various catalysts in the catalytic oxidation of cycloalkanes in the attempt to enhance the oxidized product selectivity.     

Non-invasive detection of fatty liver in dairy cows by digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms

During early lactation, many dairy cows develop fatty liver, which is associated with decreased health and reproductive performance. Currently, fatty liver can be detected reliably only by using liver biopsy followed by chemical or histological analysis, which is not practical in most on-farm situations. We tested whether digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms can be used to detect non-invasively fatty liver and estimate liver triacylglycerol content. A total of 49 liver biopsies and ultrasonograms were taken from 29 dairy cows within 2 weeks postpartum. The usefulness of 17 first- or second-order parameters from digital analysis of B-mode ultrasonograms were evaluated by discriminant, correlation, and regression analyses. A group of linear combinations of the 17 parameters correctly classified 40 of 49 samples into normal liver as well as mild, moderate and severe fatty liver when cut-off values were 1%, 5% and 10% and correctly classified 45 of 49 samples when cut-off values were 5% and 10% triacylglycerol of wet weight. A linear combination of 16 image parameters estimated triacylglycerol concentrations of 38 of the 39 liver samples below the cut-off value of 10% within 2.5% of liver wet weight, and a linear combination of 3 parameters estimated triacylglycerol concentrations of the 10 liver samples above the cut-off value of 10% within 2% of liver wet weight. Therefore, ultrasound imaging followed by digital analysis of sonograms has potential to non-invasively detect fatty liver and estimate liver triacylglycerol content.     

长江江堤边的大面积深基坑支护技术

以芜湖世茂滨江花园工程为例,由于该工程地处长江江堤边上,为了确保长江防洪堤安全,采用多种基坑支护组合方式进行囤护。确保了施工安全,并带来了社会效益和经济效益。     

传统园林文化：中国当代生态危机的“替罪羊”？

该文对中国传统园林文化的当代价值进行探讨。鉴于有学者把中国传统文化视为当代景观建设中生态危机的“罪魁祸首”,该文首先剖析了传统园林文化与当代环境危机及当代中国景观的文化认同危机之间的逻辑关系,指出二者之间并不存在必然的联系。然后,通过论述中国传统园林文化中的观念体系和技术体系,指出以“天人合一”为核心的传统园林的观念体系在应对当代生态危机、重建中国景观认同中的价值。最后,对传统园林技术体系的发展空间进行了展望。     

无纺织物单向受拉时孔径变化研究

现有反滤设计中保土准则使用土工织物未受拉时的等效孔径,但平面单向拉伸会导致该值变化,影响土工织物反滤性能。采用动力水筛法对三种无纺土工织物单向受拉时等效孔径变化进行测定。无纺织物被单向张拉至3%、5%和10%的平面应变,随着拉应变的增加,三种针刺无纺土工织物等效孔径减小。推求了无纺织物单向张拉时的等效孔径计算公式,对于较厚无纺织物,公式计算值和测试值较吻合,但对于较薄无纺织物,二值有一定差异。     

略论建设项目环境保护中的法律问题

环境污染的原因是多方面的,建设项目中环境保护问题是其中一个重要方面。作者强调建设项目与环境的关系,总结了建设项目环境保护的现有法律制度,并提出了当前应当采取的对策和建议。     

腐殖型红土镍矿还原焙烧—磁选半工业试验

为进一步探究还原焙烧—弱磁选富集工艺处理红土镍矿的试验效果及可行性,在实验室小型试验基础上,在44 m推板烧结窑上进行了还原焙烧半工业试验。结果表明,焙烧温度为1 150℃左右,焙烧时间为90 min,煤配比为20%,助溶剂组分元明粉、苏打、硼砂配比为6∶2∶1、用量为22.5%,还原产品磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占85%,弱磁选磁场强度为80 kA/m情况下,可获得含Ni 6.39%、回收率73.84%,含Fe 77.72%、回收率64.24%的镍铁精矿。该镍铁精矿可作为产品直接出售,也可进一步精炼为高品位镍铁合金,实现了该腐殖型红土镍矿的有效利用。     

地震层速度在断层封堵性研究中的应用

地震层速度与地层孔隙度、剩余孔隙度之间存在一定的函数关系。而剩余孔隙度又反映了地层的压实状态。运用这一关系可通过层速度预测断裂的封闭性。具体步骤为(1)用回归分析确立孔隙度与深度关系曲线;(2)根据剩余孔隙度,在区域上进行压实级别划分并判断断层的封闭性。这一方法在塔里木盆地轮台断裂附近进行了应用,取得了较好效果。     

基于溶蚀模拟实验的碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀孔洞预测方法 ——以四川盆地龙王庙组储层为例

针对碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀孔洞预测的难题,以四川盆地龙王庙组白云岩储层为解剖对象,通过地层条件下的溶蚀模拟实验揭示碳酸盐岩埋藏溶蚀孔洞发育的主控因素和分布规律,为埋藏溶蚀孔洞预测提供理论依据.实验结果表明,岩石物性、酸性流体浓度和温度主控埋藏溶蚀孔洞的发育,地质界面(暴露面、层序界面、不整合面和断裂系统)和高孔渗层主控埋藏溶...