Dehydration of <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-xylose over SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalyst: Perspective on the pathways for condensed products

This work addresses the kinetic mechanism for the dehydration of D-xylose over the SiO₂-Al₂O₃ solid catalyst, where the formation of condensed products is included in addition to the production of furfural and its decomposition. The kinetic modeling and parametric sensitivity show that the isomerization of D-xylose takes place in the early stages of the reaction, followed by the dehydration of isomers. Accordingly, the homogeneous polymerization of isomers is found to be dominant. The developed model is used to evaluate the effects of operating conditions on the catalytic performance; high temperature and D-xylose concentration guarantee high furfural yield.     

V-promoted Ni/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> catalyst for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production: Catalyst preparation methodologies

The effect of preparation method on the catalytic performance of V-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production via CO methanation has been investigated. The Ni-V/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation (CI) method, deposition precipitation (DP) method as well as two sequential impregnation (SI) methods with different impregnation sequence. Among the prepared catalysts, the one prepared by CI method exhibited the best catalytic performance due to its largest H₂ uptake and highest metallic Ni dispersion. In a 91h-lifetime test, this catalyst showed high stability at high temperature and weight hourly space velocity. This work demonstrates that the catalytic performance of the V-promoted Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts can be improved by carefully controlling the preparation method/conditions.     

Isolation and Characterization of a Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 16 β-Agarase from a Mangrove Soil Metagenomic Library

A mangrove soil metagenomic library was constructed and a β-agarase gene designated as AgaML was isolated by functional screening. The gene encoded for a 659-amino-acids polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 71.6 kDa. The deduced polypeptide sequences of AgaML showed the highest identity of 73% with the glycoside hydrolase family 16 β-agarase from Microbulbifer agarilyticus in the GenBank database. AgaML was cloned and highly expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The purified recombinant protein, AgaML, showed optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 7.0. The kinetic parameters of K_m and V_max values toward agarose were 4.6 mg·mL⁻¹ and 967.5 μM·min⁻¹·mg⁻¹, respectively. AgaML hydrolyzed the β-1,4-glycosidic linkages of agar to generate neoagarotetraose (NA4) and neoagarohexaose (NA6) as the main products. These characteristics suggest that AgaML has potential application in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and food industries.     

超声微波耦合催化合成蔗糖脂肪酸酯

通过超声微波耦合作用,采用无溶剂法制备蔗糖脂肪酸酯,研究催化剂类型、催化剂用量、超声微波功率、酯糖物质的量比和反应温度对蔗糖脂肪酸酯产率的影响。结果表明,超声微波耦合对蔗糖与脂肪酸甲酯的酯交换反应具有良好的促进作用,超声微波耦合作用下,蔗糖和脂肪酸甲酯能够形成较为良好的乳化状态。有机钛催化剂对蔗糖与脂肪酸甲酯的酯交换反应具有极佳的催化性能,与碱催化剂相比,具有用量少和活性高的特点。以钛酸四异丙酯为催化剂,在超声微波耦合体系中,蔗糖脂肪酸酯最高产率可达86.6%,其中,产品单酯含量为92.7%。     

工程签证对工程造价的影响分析

针对工程签证工作中存在的问题,提出相关策略,保证工程签证的合理性和规范性,提高工程签证管理水平,为最终结算提供准确依据,有效控制工程造价。     

Chaotic dynamic characteristics of pressure fluctuation signals in hydro-turbine

The pressure fluctuation characteristics in a Francis hydro-turbine running at partial flow conditions were studied based on the chaotic dynamic methods. Firstly, the experimental data of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube at various flow conditions was de-noised using lifting wavelet transformation, then, for the de-noised signals, their spectrum distribution on the frequency domain, the energy variation and the energy partition accounting for the total energy was calculated. Hereby, for the flow conditions ranging from no cavitation to severe cavitation, the chaos dynamic features of fluctuation signals were analyzed, including the temporal-frequency distribution, phase trajectory, Lyapunov exponent and Poincaré map etc. It is revealed that, the main energy of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube locates at low-frequency region. As the cavitation grows, the amplitude of power spectrum at frequency domain becomes larger. For all the flow conditions, all the maximal Lyapunov exponents are larger than zero, and they increase with the cavitation level. Therefore, it is believed that there indeed exist the chaotic attractors in the pressure fluctuation signals for a hydro-turbine.

     

微合金化技术开发800MPa级高韧直缝焊管钢

采用微合金化和热轧后超快冷等技术生产得到800 MPa级高韧直缝钢管钢,借助OM、SEM、TEM和室温拉伸等,研究了试验钢不同区域的组织与性能。研究表明,试验钢的热轧组织主要是粒状贝氏体+少量板条贝氏体;焊接热影响区粒状贝氏体体积分数减少到32.7%,板条贝氏体体积分数增加到30.5%,组织中出现针状铁素体和少量马氏体。试验钢热轧区主要以Ti为主进行复合微合金化,综合运用固溶强化、细晶强化、位错强化和析出强化,具有高的强韧性,屈服强度为804 MPa、抗拉强度为852 MPa、伸长率为21.5%。     

含铝节镍型奥氏体耐热钢(AFA钢)的热变形行为与热加工图

为了预测含铝节镍型奥氏体耐热钢(AFA钢)的热变形行为,利用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对AFA钢进行了温度950～1150℃、应变速率0.01～10 s^-1、真应变为0.51～1.2的高温热压缩试验,构建了本构方程,并建立了热加工图。结果表明,在同一应变速率下,随着变形温度的升高,AFA钢的流变应力逐渐降低,在同一变形温度下,随着应变速率的增加,流变应力随之增加。在真应变为0.69(变形量为50%)下,预测应力与实际应力的线性相关系数R²为0.998 53,随着应变的增加,材料的失稳区域先减小后增大,集中于低温区;高效率区域变大,且高效率区域集中于变形温度为1100～1150℃、应变速率为0.01～0.1 s^-1之间,说明AFA钢适合在高温低应变速率的情况下进行热加工。     

温态超声冲击强化对AA6061-T6空蚀行为的影响

目的 进一步提高超声冲击处理对AA6061-T6抗空蚀性能的强化效果。方法 通过不同温度（RT、50、100和150℃）温态超声冲击强化处理,结合冲击强化与动态应变时效（DSA）的优点,获得应变速率更高、密度位错更高的塑性变形强化层,以提高其抗空蚀性能。利用X射线衍射技术（XRD）、金相显微镜研究了强化层的微观组织。利用显微硬度仪研究了强化层深度方向的硬度分布。利用超声振动空蚀平台、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和激光共聚焦显微镜,研究了强化试样的空蚀性能及空蚀机理。结果 随温度的升高,强化后的铝合金近表层分别形成30、50、70、90μm的晶粒细化层,表面择优取向由（200）转变为（111）;强化温度为50℃时的表面显微硬度最高,较原始试样提高了108.2%;经300 min空化腐蚀后,常温、50、100、150℃条件下处理的超声冲击试样的抗空蚀性能分别是未处理试样的1.77、2.03、1.49和1.38倍;温态冲击强化后,试样的空化腐蚀损伤机制不仅包括初始的韧性断裂破坏,还增加了脆性及疲劳损伤形式。结论 经过温态超声冲击强化处理后,AA6061-T6的抗空蚀性能随温度的升高呈先增后减的趋...