用α-蒎烯制得萜烯酚树脂

某些高效产品和半成品(如造纸、印刷、油漆颜料和其他工业部门)能在以松节油为贵重原料的林化企业中组织生产。目前,大量松节油还未被合理地利用。本文研究的目的,是用松节油或松节油组分制得萜烯酚树脂的方法。有些文献已记载着一些萜烯酚树脂的合成法、性质和使用范围。国外,大多数萜烯酚树脂的生产,如聚萜烯,一般采用单体的萜烯烃:β-和α-蒎烯,苧烯。在极少数情况     

精馏塔中回流比与板数的关系

对于二元溶液的蒸馏中最小理论板数、最小回流比、相对挥发度、q(由进料转化为饱和蒸汽所需热量/潜热)及在任意回流比之下的板数之间的精确关系,本文提供了代数方程的形式以及便于使用的算图。该法优于许多已有的近似经验关系,尤其是对于蒸馏过程中主要的板数是在提馏段的情况。特别适用于多组份蒸馏中,比经验的简捷方法要优越。文中并有例题。     

Ergonomics for the workers in Sweden

This article is in three sections. The first describes a number of radical new Swedish laws dealing with the working environment and ergonomics. The second section gives a method of problem identification which has been developed within Ergolab. Finally, a discussion is given of how better working conditions can be developed in close co-operation with the workers.     

DDI-microFIA--A readily configurable microarray-fluorescence immunoassay based on DNA-directed immobilization of proteins

We describe a chip-based immunoassay for multiplex antigen detection, based on the self-assembly of semi-synthetic DNA-protein conjugates to generate an easily configurable protein microarray. The general principle of this microarray-fluorescence immunoassay (microFIA) is similar to that of a two-sided (sandwich) immunoassay. However, covalent single-stranded DNA-streptavidin conjugates are employed for the efficient immobilization of biotinylated capture antibodies through hybridization to complementary surface-bound DNA oligomers. In a model system, we use the DNA-directed immobilization (DDI) of antibodies to generate an antibody microarray for the parallel detection of the tumor marker human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), recombinant mistletoe lectin rViscumin (rVis), ceruloplasmin (CEP), and complement-1-inactivator (C1A) in human blood serum samples. Detection limits down to 400 pg mL(-1) are reached. In addition, we describe a method for the internal standardization of protein microarray analyses, based on the simultaneous measurement of constant amounts of the blood proteins CEP and C1 A, intrinsically present in human serum, to compensate for interexperimental variations usually occurring in microarray analyses. The standardization leads to a significantly higher data reliability and reproducibility in intra- and interassay measurements. We further demonstrate that the DDI-microFIA can also be carried out in a single step by tagging of the analyte simultaneously with both capture and detection antibody and subsequent immobilization of the immunocomplex formed, on the DNA microarray capture matrix. This protocol significantly reduces handling time and costs of analysis.     

Development of Virtual Simulation System for Remote Collaborative Surface Machining

1 Introduction Many parts of aerospace ,automobile and mold industries are high precision and complex-shaped. There-fore ,it needs multi-axis machining. Multi-axis machining has advantages of i mproving efficiency and surfaceprecision,reducing production expense and shortening ti me to market . Although there are many advantages inmulti-axis machining,there are many steps on process planningfor complexsurface .And every step needs engi-neers to make appropriate decisions by their professional…     

PEO／V2O5纳米复合薄膜的变色特性研究

为改善V2O5薄膜的电致变色性能，采用溶胶-凝胶法将具有高离子电导率并具有水溶性的聚环氧乙烷（PEO）直接嵌入V2O5层间，制备了PEO／V2O5纳米复合薄膜。采用标准三电极法从0．5mol／L LiClO4的PC电解质溶液向PEO／V2O5纳米复合薄膜注入锂离子，测量了纳米复合薄膜在注入不同数量锂离子时的可见光透射光谱以及对应的颜色变化，并运用循环伏安法测试其电化学性能。实验结果表明，PEO／V2O5纳米复合薄膜的循环伏安图出现了2对氧化还原峰，并且具有稳定的循环可逆性。随着应用电压的不同，薄膜呈现黄色、绿色和蓝色的多色可逆变化。PEO／V2O5纳米复合薄膜的电化学稳定性和机械性能都优于V2O5干凝胶薄膜，可以作为电致变色材料得到应用。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）成分分析表明PEO／V2O5纳米复合薄膜的电致变色效应与V、O的化合价和化学环境密切相关。     

电力电子和未来的航海电气系统(上)

明天的航海电气系统将同今天的系统有极大的不同。电力电子给予船舶上包括推进、电力分配、备用电源、声纳和雷达等在内的各种系统的进展以重要的影响。刚刚出现的新材料、新器件和新的系统概念(诸如宽带半导体材料、碳化硅基的电力半导体器件、电力电子模组(PEBB),以及集成功率系统)正在使、并将持续地使未来的航海系统有别于今天的系统,如同内燃船舶有别于蒸汽船舶。但是,这些正在实现的技术和有关概念还未被大家所周知,而且还有难于理解的地方。本文就将介绍这些新概念和新技术,指出潜在的影响力,并揭示新的设计方法,以推动航海电气系统的发展。