Functional Improvement of Alginic Acid by Conjugating with β-Lactoglobulin

Two bovine β-lactoglobulin-alginic acid (β-LG-ALG) conjugates were prepared to improve the function of ALG by using water-soluble carbodiimide and the Maillard reaction. Fluorescence studies suggested that the conformation around Trp had been changed in each conjugate and that the surface of each conjugate was covered with polysaccharide chain. Structural analyses with monoclonal antibodies indicated that the conformation around 15Val-29IIe (β -sheet) in each conjugate had changed, while the native structure was maintained around 125Thr-135Lys (α-helix). After conjugating with β -LG, ALG showed retinol-binding and high emulsifying ability. The aggregating property of ALG in acid and in the presence of Ca²⁺ was improved in each conjugate.     

EFFECTS OF DIMENSIONS OF AGAR AND GELATIN GELS ON PALATAL PRESSURE PATTERNS

Eating of agar and gelatin gels in the mouth was studied dynamically in detail. The palatal presures on agar and gelatin gels of various concentrations and dimensions were detected by pressure transducers installed at three locations of the palate. For each of the gels, Pm (the maximum palatal pressure at the initial stage of mastication), P (the mean palatal pressure), W (work), and T (retaining time in the mouth) changed significantly when their concentrations increased. Moreover, gel dimensions also affected Pm, P and W. For a bite-size gel, Pm, P and W increased or remained constant, while for a finer sized gel, Pm, P and W were nearly constant regardless of the increase in rupture strength or gel concentration.     

氧化物弥散强化铁素体钢的电子辐照行为

本文利用超高压电子显微镜进行电子辐照实验，分析了我国试制的氧化物弥散强化（ＯＤＳ）铁素体钢的辐照行国．在６７０－７２０Ｋ下辐照时观察到了辐照空洞的形成．辐照条件为７２０Ｋ，９ｄｐａ时的辐照肿胀率小于０．１％．同时在电子衍射图样中发现了明显的衍射环，分析表明这些衍射环的出现是由于电子辐照促进了Ｙ２Ｏ３微细相形成的缘故．     

Effect of alumina content on surface area and micropore distribution of porous glass prepared from borosilicate glass

The surface area and micropore distribution of porous glass prepared from borosilicate glass were controlled by the addition of alumina up to 8 wt%. The surface area increased with increased alumina content in the range from 0 to 3 wt%, but it suddenly decreased when the percent alumina exceeded 4 wt%. The mean pore diameter and micropore volume also decreased with increased alumina content. When nickel ion was supported into the porous glass, the surface area decreased to about one-half that of the original glass. Since the amount of nickel supported on the porous glass increased directly with surface area, the silanol group was considered to be uniformly distributed on the glass.     

MASS TRANSFER IN GAS-SPARGED POROUS ELECTRODES

The electrochemical limiting current method was used to measure mass transfer coefficients with cocurrent upward gas-liquid flow in packed bed electrodes. Liquid-solid and overall gas-solid coefficients were determined from limiting current data in the presence of inert or reactive gas flows with the use of a plug flow model. The presence of inert gas flow increased mass transfer coefficients over those in single-phase flow by a factor of up to 1.7. As a result of boundary layer penetration by gas bubbles, sparging with reactive gas increased mass transfer rates by a factor of up to 3.5.     

用有限元多晶体弹塑性模型预测FCC金属冲压变形后的织构和塑性各向异性

开发出一套适于FCC(面心立方)金属的三维弹塑性有限元程序FEPM-3DFCC，该程序将与应变速率无关的多晶体弹塑性模型引入到立方体单元晶粒塑性应变增量的计算中．文中以Al板为例用FEPM-3DFCC程序计算出常温下单向拉伸和压缩、双向压缩、平面应变、面内剪切和厚向剪切等六种典型受力状态下的织构演变和各向异性变化，并对Al圆管扭曲与拉伸复合加载和Al圆管冷径缩挤拔加工进行了数值模拟．     

PHASEOLIN RFLP IN BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) CULTIVARS

A 0.5 kbp phaseolin gene fragment was used as a probe to study phaseolin restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in P. vulgaris cultivars. Results obtained from plants displaying type S and type T phaseolin suggest a genomic organization more variable than that previously described. This variability could be exploited to aid gene identification as well as to improve germ plasm bank organization. The same probe was useful in detecting phaseolin linked RFLP in other leguminosae.     

HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY: THREE DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR DISPERSION IN RECTANGULAR CONDUITS WITH TRANSVERSE FLOW

Experimental observations^1,9 indicate much poorer separations than are predicted by two dimensional theory. The purpose of this work is to explain these differences and suggest ways in which system performance can be improved.

The large effect of span-wise variation in axial velocity caused by side walls on hydrodynamic separations carried out in rectangular conduits with transverse flow is studied theoretically. As the aspect ratio increases, the steady stale retentivity (convection coefficient) approaches an asymptotic value obtained by neglecting side wall effects. However, the dispersion coefficient does not reduce to that for a flow with no side walls. Indeed, the asymptotic steady state dispersion coefficient is at least six times larger than that obtained by two dimensional theory which neglects side wall effects. As the transverse Peclet number increases, the effect of side walls on the dispersion coefficient becomes much larger.

The present three dimensional theoretical predictions, in contrast to two dimensional ones, are in good agreement with the experimental data of Caldwell, et al.⁹ and Kesner, et al.¹ on electrical field flow fractionation. The results indicate that side wall effects may be of major importance in hydrodynamic chromatography even when the aspect ratio is 70 or more.

The adverse effect of side walls may be avoided by having the membranes enclose thin annular regions rather than rectangular conduits. This should improve performance significantly.     

新型抗辐照氧化物弥散强化（ODS）型铁素体不锈钢辐照损伤特性研究

研制了一种具有低肿用蒿强度的氧化物弥散强化型铁素体钢Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｗ－Ｔｉ－Ｙ２Ｏ３，并对其抗辐照损伤行为进行了系统研究。电子辐照表明，Ｙ２Ｏ３弥散氧化物质点在所研究的辐照下是稳定的，在辐过程中形成ｂ＝ａ〈１００〉和ｂ＝ａ／２〈１１１〉两种类型的位错环。     

Design and operation of an air-conditioning system fueled by wood pellets

A room-cooling system of 2 kW capacity fueled by wood pellets was designed, built and tested. The system was demonstrated during summer at the Yakushima Field Station of Kagoshima University, Japan. It contained a pellet feeder, a pellet burner, a heat exchanger, a lithium bromide–water absorption heat pump and a control unit. The volume of the test room was 36.9 m³ and ambient temperature 30 °C. The airflow temperature from the room unit was decreased to 16 °C by the system, and the room temperature could be successfully controlled to 24 °C steady state. Room heating in winter was also demonstrated. Since the air was heat exchanged, the overall energy efficiency of the cooling system was low at about 19%. However, the calculation based on the heat flow showed that the efficiency could be enhanced to about 75% by direct heating of the regenerator by the flue gas.