悬浮床加氢裂化油溶性催化剂与沥青质的作用

在高压釜反应器中对添加了油溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-O)和水溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-W)的辽河稠油常压渣油(LHAR)进行了悬浮床加氢裂化实验。通过元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析对抑制反应生焦效果好的 UPC-O 与 LHAR 沥青质的作用进行了研究。元素分析结果显示,在 LHAR 中加入 UPC-O1000μg/g,沥青质和脱沥青质油中 Ni 含量分别出476μg/g和110μg/g 增加到7 559μg/g 和1 024μg/g,表明 UPC-O 在沥青质中有富集的趋势。FTIR 表征结果显示,UPC-O 和沥青质发生了相互作用。UPC-O 可在沥青质原位硫化为活性组分,对沥青质在悬浮床加氢裂化反应中的缩合起到好的抑制作用。     

油脂己烷浸出工程进展

油脂己烷浸出工程经过几十年的发展，在工艺、设备、自控、节能、环保等方面都已趋于完善。装置的规模日趋大型化。车间内的工段组合更加科学、合理与多样化，浅料层浸出器，形式多样化的湿粕脱溶系统，湿粕挤压机，废水零排放系统，不同理念的负压蒸发及余热回收系统，蒸汽冷凝水的再利用，简洁实用的全电脑操作系统，分步萃取，混合油过滤，浸出车间内的混合油碱炼、水化脱胶、磷脂干燥等使得当今的油脂浸出向大型化、集约化、自动化、节能环保的方向发展，为客户提供了越来越多的选择。     

Q195冷轧板材轧制困难原因分析

针对部分Q195冷轧板材存在轧制困难的现象，进行了现场检验与分析。带状组织、混晶现象严重导致变形强化系数偏高是造成轧制困难的主要原因。     

导向剂加入方式对Y型沸石合成的影响

以煤系高岭土为原料,采用液态补硅手段调节体系SiO2/Al2O3、导向剂两步加入法合成了Y型沸石.考察了导向剂不同加入方式对Y型沸石合成的影响.采用合理的导向剂两步加入法,特别是通过控制导向剂第二步加入的时间,可明显缩短Y型沸石的晶化时间,并有效地减少P型沸石的生成.     

Microfabricated preconcentrator-focuser for a microscale gas chromatograph

The design, fabrication, and testing of a preconcentrator-focuser (PCF), consisting of a thick micromachined Si heater packed with a small quantity of a granular adsorbent material are described. The PCF is developed to capture and concentrate vapors for subsequent focused thermal desorption and analysis in a micro gas chromatograph. The microheater contains an array of high-aspect-ratio, etched-Si heating elements, 520 /spl mu/m (h)/spl times/50 /spl mu/m (w)/spl times/3000 /spl mu/m (l), bounded by an annulus of Si and thermally isolated from the remaining substrate by an air gap. This structure is sandwiched between Pyrex glass plates with inlet/outlet ports that accept capillary tubes for sample flow and is sealed by anodic bonding (bottom) and rapidly annealed glass/metal/Si solder bonding (top). The large microheater surface area allows for high adsorption capacity and efficient, uniform thermal desorption of vapors captured on the adsorbent within the structure. The adsorbent consists of roughly spherical granules, /spl sim/200 /spl mu/m in diameter, of a high-surface-area, graphitized carbon. Key design considerations, fabrication technologies, and results of performance tests are presented with an emphasis on the thermal desorption characteristics of several representative volatile organic compounds as a function of volumetric flow rates and heating rates. Preconcentration factors as high as 5600 and desorbed peak widths as narrow as 0.8 s are achieved from 0.25-L samples of benzene at modest heating rates. The effects of operating variables on sensitivity, chromatographic resolution, and detection limits are assessed. Testing of this PCF with a micromachined separation column and integrated sensor array is discussed briefly.     

Facile synthesis of ordered nanocrystalline alumina thin films with tunable mesopore structures

Mesoporous alumina layers have attracted attention for their potential use in ultrafiltration of salts, as a heterogeneous catalyst support, an adsorbent in environmental cleanup, and in petroleum refinement. The ability to control the fast hydrolysis rate of the inorganic precursors using simple and inexpensive routes is important for that potential to be realized. Herein, we introduce a novel and facile route to synthesize mesoporous alumina thin films from the combination of inexpensive and commercially available copolymer with aluminum chloride or nitrate (salts) in an EtOH–surfactant–NH₃ · H₂O–salts (EsNs) system through the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method. Mesoporous alumina layers obtained utilizing the EsNs system have ordered and tunable pore structures. The ability to easily control the mesophases of the alumina layers within a short time provides distinct advantages over previously reported synthesis procedures. Most importantly, we demonstrate that the binding of surfactant and NH₃ · H₂O for the formation of hydrogen bond between them in the EsNs system controls the fast hydrolysis rate of the inorganic species. This allows for the synthesis of nanocrystalline alumina layers via the aluminum oxo-clusters’ assembly with the surfactant. Such simple route may be applied in the synthesis of other non-silica mesostructured oxides.     

浅析当今写意青花的题材选择

青花装饰是景德镇的传统装饰方法之一，其中的写意青花又以其简约萧疏的艺术特征获得了人们的普遍喜爱。针对时代的变化影响，研究了当今写意青花在题材选择上与传统写意青花的差异。