重离子辐照对红酵母的诱变作用

应用重离子加速器的 5 0MeV/u12 C6+ 重离子对胡萝卜素生产菌 -红酵母(RhodotorulaRYStrain )进行辐照处理 ,经酵母发酵实验 ,发现 5 0MeV/u12 C6+ 重离子对胡萝卜素生产菌———红酵母具有诱变作用 ,并初步筛选到产胡萝卜素有较大变化的辐照变异菌株 ,为工业上利用重离子对胡萝卜素生产菌进行诱变育种展现新的前景     

湿地松磺化化机浆制浆特性的研究

研究了湿地松SCMP化学预处理段药品用量对制浆得率、白度、物理强度和废液污染负荷的影响。并对湿地松SCMP的打浆特性和漂白特性进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,在本研究条件下,湿地松较合适的化学预处理条件是NaOH用量3%,Na2SO3用量15%,最高处理温度160℃,保温60min。在此条件下粗浆得率可达90.8%,漂前白度32.2%,在打浆度为45°SR时,抗张强度指数和撕裂指数可分别达25.83Nm/g和6.46mN     

超高性能PBO纤维Zylon的结构、力学性能及应用

PBO纤维具有优异的拉伸强度、模量和耐热性能 ,本文对日本东洋纺的超高性能PBO纤维Zylon的结构、力学性能和应用领域及前景进行了综合评述。     

红麻土工织物的开发及断裂强度研究

开发了几种红麻土工织物,采用三因素三水平实验设计方案对织物进行了力学强度测试,得出了纱线线密度、织物密度、织物组织对织物强度的影响结果,为红麻土工织物的规模化应用开发提供参考。     

利用高压脉冲电场诱导啤酒酵母细胞释放蛋白质与核酸

研究了相对条件对高压脉冲电场(HPEF)技术破壁啤酒酵母细胞、提取酵母细胞中的蛋白质和核酸效果的影响。结果表明,啤酒酵母悬浮液经高压脉冲(频率500 ppa,场强25 kV/cm,处理时间1152μs)作用,再经搅拌(50℃下,6 h)处理后,蛋白质和核酸的提取率分别达到69.90%和82.84%。实验表明,利用高压脉冲电场破壁啤酒酵母细胞,并结合搅拌的方式提取蛋白质和核酸,蛋白质和核酸的提取率均高于单独使用高压脉冲电场或单独使用搅拌进行破壁提取的提取率。     

治理漂白工段污染的途径与方法(1)

介绍了造纸工业漂白工段废水对环境的污染问题,以及解决此问题的两个途径,即研究应用无或少污染制浆漂白技术及研究应用漂白废水净化治理技术。本部分主要简述了目前无或少污染制浆漂白技术研究的进展研究。     

In situ lifetimes and kinetics of a reductive whey barrier and an oxidative ORC barrier in the subsurface

Permeable reactive barriers (PRB) are being used to engineer favorable field conditions for in-situ remediation efforts. Two redox adjustment barriers were installed to facilitate a 10-month research effort on the fate and transport of MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) at a site called the Michigan Integrated Remediation Technology Laboratory (MIRTL). Thirty kilograms of whey were injected as a slurry into an unconfined aquifer to establish an upgradient reductive zone to reduce O2 concentration in the vicinity of a contaminant injection source. To minimize the impact of contaminant release, 363 kg of oxygen release compound (ORC) were placed in the aquifer as a downgradient oxidative barrier. Dissolved oxygen and other chemical species were monitored in the field to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology. A transient one-dimensional advective-dispersive-reaction (ADR) model was proposed to simulate the dissolved oxygen transport. The equations were solved with commonly encountered PRB initial and constant/variable boundary conditions. No similar previous solution was found in the literature. The in-situ lifetimes, based on variable source loading, were estimated to be 1,661 and 514 days for the whey barrier and ORC barrier, respectively. Estimates based on either maximum O2 consumption/production or measured O2 curves were found to under- or overestimate the lifetime of the barriers. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of whey depletion was estimated to be 0.303/d with a dissolution rate of 0.04/d. The oxygen release rate constant in the ORC barrier was estimated to be 0.03/d. This paper provides a means to design and predict the performance of reactive redox barriers, especially when only limited field data are available.     

β-O-4型木素模型化合物的合成及其在GIF型仿酶降解体系中的变化（Ⅰ）

研究了一种β-O-4型木素模型化合物——4-(α-(2-甲氧基苯氧基)-乙酰基)-愈创木酚的合成方法,并利用薄层色谱(TLC)、红外光谱和核磁共振谱(1^H-NMR)等手段对它们的化学结构进行了分析与确认。采用由Cu^2 ／吡啶／过氧化氢组成的GIF型仿酶系统对这一木素模型物进行仿酶降解,结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)及CC-MS等分析方法,分析了该β-O-4型木素模型化合物在降解过程中的结构变化,并对这种仿酶降解的机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明：通过利用过量愈创木酚和4-乙酰基愈创木酚的溴化物的反应并结合羟甲基化可以得到含α-羰基的酚型β-O-4木素模型化合物。GIF仿酶降解体系对β-O-4型木素模型物有较强的碎解能力,降解后产生较多的脂肪族小分子化合物,一部分成为香草醛、香草酸等低分子芳香族化合物,该结果可以说明此降解体系能有效导致β-O-4型木素模型化合物的各种类型的裂解反应。     

The impact of the postharvest environment on the viability and virulence of decay fungi

Postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables, and grains by fungal pathogens causes significant economic losses. Infected produce presents a potential health risk since some decay fungi produce mycotoxins that are hazardous to human health. Infections are the result of the interplay between host resistance and pathogen virulence. Both of these processes, however, are significantly impacted by environmental factors, such as temperature, UV, oxidative stress, and water activity. In the present review, the impact of various physical postharvest treatments (e.g., heat and UV) on the viability and virulence of postharvest pathogens is reviewed and discussed. Oxidative injury, protein impairment, and cell wall degradation have all been proposed as the mechanisms by which these abiotic stresses reduce fungal viability and pathogenicity. The response of decay fungi to pH and the ability of pathogens to modulate the pH of the host environment also affect pathogenicity. The effects of the manipulation of the postharvest environment by ethylene, natural edible coatings, and controlled atmosphere storage on fungal viability are also discussed. Lastly, avenues of future research are proposed.     

Worldwide aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products and foods: From occurrence to control

Aflatoxins represent a global public health and economic concern as they are responsible for significant adverse health and economic issues affecting consumers and farmers worldwide. Produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus genus, aflatoxins are a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic group of fungal metabolites that routinely contaminate food and agricultural products. Climate and diet are essential factors in the aflatoxin contamination of food and subsequent human exposure process. Countri es with warmer climates and staple foods that are aflatoxin-susceptible shoulder a substantial portion of the global aflatoxins burden. Enactment of regulations, prevention of pre- and postharvest contamination, decontamination, and detoxification have been used to prevent human dietary exposure to aflatoxin. Exploiting their chemical and structural properties, means are devised to detect and quantify aflatoxin presence in foods. Herein, recent developments in several important aspects impacting aflatoxin contamination of the food supply, including: fungal producers of the toxin, occurrence in food, worldwide regulations, detection methods, preventive strategies, and removal and degradation methods were reviewed and presented. In conclusion, aflatoxin continues to be a major food safety problem, especially in developing countries where regulatory limits do not exist or are not adequately enforced. Finally, knowledge gaps and current challenges in each discussed aspect were identified, and new solutions were proposed.