Synthesis and characterization of zeolite NaY from rice husk silica

Rice husk silica (RHS) in amorphous phase with 98% purity was prepared from a waste rice husk from rice milling by leaching with hydrochloric acid and calcination. The RHS was used effectively as a silica source for the synthesis of zeolite Y in sodium form (NaY). The zeolite in pure phase was obtained from a two-step synthetic route in which the starting gels were mixed, aged for 24 h at room temperature and crystallized for 24 h at 90 °C. The diameter of single crystal particles from a scanning electron microscope was approximately 1.0 μm, whereas the average particle diameter from laser diffraction particle size analyzer was approximately 10 μm because of the agglomeration of small crystals. Longer crystallization time in this route resulted in a mixed phase containing NaY and zeolite P in sodium form (NaP). In addition, a one-step synthetic route (no aging) was studied and the product was also a mixed phase zeolite.     

Highly ordered anodic alumina nanotemplate with about 14 nm diameter

A novel method for the fabrication of highly ordered nanopore arrays with very small diameter of 14 nm was demonstrated by using low-temperature anodization. Two-step anodization was carried out at 25 V, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.3 M, and electrolyte temperature of −15 °C. After anodization, a regular pore array with mean diameter of 14 nm and interpore distance of 65 nm was formed. The pore diameter and regular arrangement were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fast Fourier transformation (FFT), respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the diameter of pores in a highly ordered alumina template can be reduced by lowering the anodization temperature.     

Multi-site phase transfer catalyst assisted radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate using potassium peroxydisulphate as initiator – a kinetic study

In this work, the kinetics and mechanism of free-radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using potassium peroxydisulphate (PDS) as water soluble initiator in the presence of synthesized 1, 4-Bis (tributyl methyl ammonium) benzene dichloride (TBMABDC) as multi-site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) was studied. The polymerisation reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 1°C in cyclohexane/water biphase media. The role of concentrations of monomer, initiator, catalyst and volume fraction of aqueous phase, solvent polarity and temperature on the rate of polymerisation (Rp) was ascertained. The order with respect to monomer and initiator was found to be unity. The order with respect to catalyst was found to be 0.51. The rate of polymerisation is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the Rp value. Based on the results obtained, a suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed to account for the experimental observations and its significance discussed.     

Research on Marine Boiler＇s Pressurized Combustion and Heat Transfer

The effect of pressure on combustion and heat transfer is analyzed. The research is based on the basic combustion and heat transfer theorem. A correction for the heat calculation method for pressurized furnace is made on the basis of the normal pressure case. The correction takes the effect of pressurizing into account. The results show that the correction is reasonable and the method is applicable to combustion and heat transfer of the marine supercharged boiler.     

上半年石油工业经营情况及下半年走势预测

今年上半年我国石油工业基本保持平稳、健康的发展格局:油气产量和消费需求均持续增长,油气开采业大幅盈利,原油加工业仍然亏损,投资大幅度增长,原油进口依存度加大。下半年需要采取的应对措施是:进一步完善成品油价格形成机制;规范和引导上海石油交易所健康运行;加强天然气管理,作好需求预测;实施石油替代激励政策。预计下半年国际油价继续走高的可能性较大;我国全年石油表观消费可能会突破3亿吨,进口依存度继续在40%以上。     

Softwarekartographie

Zusammenfassung  Anwendungslandschaften in Unternehmen sind langlebige hoch-komplexe Strukturen bestehend aus hunderten bis tausenden von miteinander vernetzten betrieblichen Informationssystemen, die von Personen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Interessen und Erfahrungshintergrund konzipiert, erstellt, modifiziert, betrieben, genutzt und finanziert werden. Die Softwarekartographie zielt darauf ab, die Kommunikation zwischen diesen Personen durch zielgruppenspezifische verst?ndliche graphische Visualisierungen zu unterstützen, die Gesch?fts- und Informatik-Aspekte gleicherma?en berücksichtigen, und die speziell für langfristige und strategische Management-Betrachtungen geeignet sind. In diesem Beitrag fassen wir zun?chst die in der betrieblichen Praxis wohlbekannten Probleme beim Management von Anwendungslandschaften zusammen und diagnostizieren erhebliche Kommunikationsdefizite. Da Anwendungslandschaften als Systeme von Systemen mit Menschen als integrale Systembestandteile zu verstehen sind, werden Karten als attraktiver L?sungsansatz identifiziert und die wesentlichen Konzepte der Softwarekartographie anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt. Dabei werden Querbezüge zu anderen Fachgebieten der Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik hergestellt, und die bisherige Nutzung der Forschungsergebnisse in der Praxis gezeigt.     

陶艺的文化性与功能

中国古陶艺制品造型,釉色,装饰等艺术符号都与每时期的阶段性精神和物质生活相联系,但在"现代艺术"文化认识领域中,往往从理论思维角度把陶艺实用目的的物质性排斥在文化范畴之外。艺术常常强调物质的观赏性,而陶艺的实用功能就是这种文化类型的主体,陶艺的文化性和功能性,具有实用和审美文化的高度叠合,永久地承载着实用功能和精神功能两大内容。     

Recrystallization of phenylbutazone using supercritical fluid antisolvent process

Phenylbutazone was recrystallized from its solutions by using a supercritical fluid antisolvent process. It was dissolved in acetone and supercritical carbon dioxide was injected into the solution, thereby inducing supersaturation and particle formation. Variation in the physical properties of the recrystallized phenylbutazone was investigated as a function of the crystallizing temperature and the carbon dioxide injection rate. The recrystallized particles showed cleaner surfaces and more ordered morphology compared to the particles obtained by other methods such as solvent evaporation. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the crystallinity of the particles had been modified upon the recrystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry measurement revealed that the crystallizing temperature influenced the thermal stability of the resulting crystals. Larger crystals were produced when the carbon dioxide injection rate was reduced.     

激电法找油的原理及应用

激电法是非地震物探手段中的一种，由于油气在向上渗透的过程中会与地层发生一系列的生物。化学反应而形成次生黄铁矿，激电法正是通过发现油气藏上方形成的次生黄铁矿晕来寻找油气的一种间接找油方法。通过详细介绍激电法寻找油气的基本原理。仪器设备等，从实践角度论述了激电法在油田勘探开发中的应用范围及其特点，最后通过兴例说明了其良好的应用效果。     

从小城镇的发展现实探讨其规划思路——由天津市中心镇规划引发的思考

结合小城镇发展的现实情况,介绍了小城镇规划与发展关联的不足,并对小城镇的规划要点进行了探讨,以期在小城镇规划的理论与实践建设中抛砖引玉。