吹膜挤出机的电磁感应加热系统建模与有限元模拟研究

为实现吹膜挤出机在电磁感应加热条件下能效的定量分析,对吹膜挤出机电磁感应加热的三维有限元模型进行了研究,导出了对应于指定机筒和螺杆材料的电流透入深度与电磁感应加热器的各设计参数之间的关系;分析了挤出机的机筒与螺杆等关键部件在电磁感应三段式分区加热条件下的磁场分布、电流密度场分布及焦耳热能分布的相对趋势。结果表明,感应磁场主要分布在机筒内表面,而相应的感应电流主要分布在机筒外层,且当机筒上缠绕的3组匝数相同的电磁感应加热线圈中加载有大小相等、方向相同的交变电流时,电流密度和产生的焦耳热能集中在机筒和螺杆的中部,而适当增加进料段与计量段加热区所对应的两组线圈匝数可获得较为均匀的电磁感应加热效果。相对于电阻式加热,电磁感应加热的能量损耗较小,是一种环保节能的吹膜挤出机加热方式。     

Thermal properties and crystallization behavior of bamboo fiber/high‐density polyethylene composites: Nano‐TiO2 effects

In this study, bamboo fiber/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared, and the effects of nano‐TiO₂ on their thermal properties and crystallization behavior were investigated via thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the addition of nano‐TiO₂ improved the thermal stability and had a dual function in the crystallization behavior of the composites. On one hand, it functioned as a nucleating agent. The addition of 2 wt % nano‐TiO₂ promoted the crystallization, which caused the increase of the crystallization rate and crystallinity degree, as well as the micronization of the crystalline grain. On the other hand, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds were formed between nano‐TiO₂ and the polymer matrix, which hindered the crystallization of the composites. When the content of nano‐TiO₂ was continually increased, the inhibitory effect of the crystallization was gradually enhanced, which resulted in a decrease in the crystallization rate and crystallinity degree of the composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39846.     

高锌粉含量的单组分环氧富锌底漆的研制

以自制的改性环氧树脂为基料,锌粉为防锈颜料,制备出干膜中锌粉含量达96%以上的单组分环氧富锌底漆。同时考察了影响漆膜防腐蚀性能和涂料贮存稳定性的因素。实验表明:锌粉的含量在95%～97%时,漆膜的防腐蚀效果最好,经过1 000 h的耐盐雾试验后,漆膜保持完好;采用0.2%有机膨润土和1%聚酰胺蜡搭配使用,有效地解决了单组分环氧富锌底漆中锌粉沉降结块的问题,根据实验结果得到最佳单组分环氧富锌底漆配方,同国外同类型的产品相比具有更好的性价比。漆膜性能优异,VOC含量较低,环保性能好。     

表面流人工湿地对高含量有机污染河水的去除效果研究

利用不同植物(芦苇、香蒲)表流人工湿地处理高含量有机污染河水的研究。结果表明,当水力负荷为0.041m3/(d.m2),进水COD和BOD5分别为178.9～480.2 mg/L和40.75～225.6 mg/L,最大去除效果分别可达到93.64%和99.25%。出水COD低于90 mg/L,BOD5低于22 mg/L,均达到GB 18918-2002排放二级标准。高含量有机污水进入表面流人工湿地之后,有机物有效去除长度为32 m,其中发挥主要作用的场所是距进水点21 m以内的区域。表面流人工湿地中,芦苇床和香蒲床对高含量有机污染物去除效果无明显差异,它们根际和根区细菌总数差别不大。     

Acceleration of the redox kinetics of VO2+/VO2 + and V3+/V2+ couples on carbon paper

The redox kinetics of VO²⁺/VO₂ ⁺ and V³⁺/V²⁺ couples on a carbon paper (CP, HCP030 N, Shanghai Hesen, Ltd., China) electrode were investigated in terms of their standard rate constant (k ₀) and reaction mechanism. The values determined for k ₀ for VO²⁺ ?? VO₂ ⁺ and V³⁺ ?? V²⁺ using the CP electrode are 1.0 × 10^?3 and 1.1 × 10^?3 cm s^?1, respectively. The value of k ₀ increases by one or two order(s) of magnitude compared with values obtained using electrodes composed of pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon. The acceleration of the redox kinetics of vanadium ions is a result of the large surface area of the CP electrode. An inner-sphere mechanism for the reaction on the surface of the electrode is proposed. The kinetic features of vanadium redox reactions on the CP electrode reveal that CP is suitable for use as the electrodes in vanadium redox-flow batteries.     

一种新型环保铝合金无铬钝化处理液

用氟钛酸、氟锆酸盐、改性有机硅树脂等为主要成份,配成一种新型铝材无铬钝化处理液,代替传统六价铬产品,所处理的铝合金产品品质,达到传统含铬钝化处理后的品质,实验达到无污染、节水节电的环保要求。     

PBA/OMMT制备及其对PA6力学性能的影响

用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)将Na基蒙脱土(MMT)改性成有机蒙脱土(OMMT),采用原位聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)/OMMT,并将其按适当比例添加到尼龙6(PA6)中。通过红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等表征了OMMT、PBA/OMMT的结构,并检测了PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:添加5%的PBA/OMMT后,PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度提高了23.1%,缺口冲击强度的降低幅度有所减缓。     

微型四塔变压吸附制氧实验研究

实验研究了原料气量、产品气量、分子筛量及吸附器高径比等工艺参数对微型四塔变压吸附制氧系统产品气纯度和回收率的影响,并对压力曲线进行了分析.实验结果表明,随着原料气进气流量的增加,产品气纯度增加而回收率降低;随着产品气流量的增加,产品气纯度下降,而产品回收率升高;随着分子筛量的增加,产晶气纯度先增加后减小;产品气纯度随高径比的增加先增大后减小,合适的吸附塔高径比为5.3左右,其值需实验确定;通过对压力曲线的分析,得到系统最高雎比约为2.78.     

涂层硬质合金结构及材料的研究进展

涂层硬质合金具有高硬度和优良的耐磨性,延长了其制品的使用寿命.本文主要从材料学角度,综述了涂层结构类型、涂层材料及结构、涂层基体等方面国内外涂层硬质合金的研究进展,联系具体涂镀技术和工艺,对比和讨论了不同类型涂层的物理性能、机械性能和切削性能,并对涂层硬质合金行业的发展进行了展望.     

Study on corrosion electrochemical behavior of several different coating systems by EIS

Corrosion electrochemical behavior of chlorinated rubber top coating (single-layer), inorganic zinc-rich primer/chlorinated rubber top coating (double-layers) and inorganic zinc-rich primer/epoxy middle paste/chlorinated rubber top coating (tri-layers) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A series of impedance spectra of the three coating systems during immersion were measured; and their protective properties were compared according to the spectra. The experimental results showed that, the protective properties of the double-layers coating system were even worse than that of the single-layer coating system; and the tri-layers coating system had the best protective properties in the three coating systems; epoxy middle paste had played a very important role for protective properties of the composite coating system.