Whisker growth on SnAgCu–xPr solders in electronic packaging

The addition of rare earth Pr into Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu solder results in the formation of PrSn₃ phase, which can induce the whiskers growth. After several hours’ exposure at room temperature in air, different morphologies of whiskers appear in the regions of PrSn₃ intermetallic compounds. The Pr content and storage time are the main parameters for affecting the whiskers growth at ambient temperature. The oxidation mechanism of PrSn₃ phase was used to explain the whiskers growth, the compressive stress is proposed as the driving force for whisker growth.     

Methylene blue photocatalytic degradation under visible irradiation of Al doped ZnO powders by hydrothermal synthesis sensitized with octa-iso-pentyloxyphthalocyanine lead

AZO powders were sensitized through chemisorption method by octa-iso-pentyloxy phthalocyanine lead and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that after sensitization process AZO photo physical properties improved greatly in visible regions. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied under visible irradiation in aqueous solution and the pseudo first order model was used to obtain kinetic information of the photocatalytic degradation. The results indicated that photocatalytic activities of PbPc(iso-PeO)₈-AZO were better than of AZO powders.     

碳化细菌纤维素包裹铜的制备及电化学催化性能的研究

以硫酸铜为铜源,细菌纤维素(BC)为碳源,通过原位还原和高温热解的方法制备了碳化细菌纤维素包裹铜纳米粒子(CBC/Cu)。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对结构和微观形貌进行了表征。用CBC/Cu修饰的玻碳电极作为工作电极,用循环伏安法测试对硝基苯酚在碱性水溶液中的电化学行为,与裸玻碳电极相比较,结果表明该修饰电极具有良好的电化学催化性、高稳定性和重现性。     

酒石酸还原Cu(Ⅱ)制备多种形貌Cu_2O晶体及形成机理

以CuSO_4·5H_2O为原料,KOH为添加剂,酒石酸为还原剂,在水热条件下通过调整相关的实验参数,制备了一系列不同形态的Cu_2O微-纳米晶体及三维十字形枝晶。采用XRD、SEM等手段对不同形态的Cu_2O晶体进行了表征,探讨了不同因素变化对Cu_2O晶体形态的影响。分析认为,晶体生长过程控制了晶体的具体形貌和大小,Cu_2O晶体显露的单形晶面随晶体生长条件的变化而不同。在低温、弱碱性、高浓度溶液中有利于形成八面体形态的Cu_2O晶体,而菱形十二面体单形晶面在高温、强碱性、低浓度溶液中形成的晶体中显露的面积有所增大。     

国产800级碳纤维表面状态及其复合材料界面性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、复丝拉伸法、单丝拉伸法及单丝断裂法对3种国产800-12K碳纤维表面状态及其复丝拉伸性能、单丝复合体系的界面性能进行系统分析与研究。结果表明：3种国产800级碳纤维表面均较为光滑,纤维的粗糙度为9-17nm,纤维表面含氧量较高且稳定,O/C在0.23~0.27之间;3种国产800级碳纤维复丝拉伸强度相当,质量控制稳定,断裂伸长率为1.9左右,纤维与树脂基体匹配性较好;3种国产800级碳纤维单丝拉伸强度不稳定,纤维的表面化学活性对纤维与树脂基体的界面结合强度影响显著。     

婴儿辐射保暖台肤温传感器的校准

近年来婴儿辐射保暖台的校准需求越来越多,其肤温传感器是计量溯源的主要内容,但目前还没有相关的研究,本文填补了这一项空白,讨论了婴儿辐射保暖台肤温传感器的报警功能、校准方法及校准不确定度,为医疗计量的发展做出了贡献。     

生物模板法合成锂离子电池电极材料研究进展

锂离子电池是一类极具潜力的新型二次化学储能器件,被广泛应用于便携式电子设备、电动交通工具和智能电网等领域。高性能电极材料的设计和合成是获得高能量密度、长循环寿命、高安全性锂离子电池的关键。文章针对锂离子电池电极材料存在制备工艺复杂、结构难以控制、活性物质利用率低、循环稳定性和倍率性能差等问题,从生物资源高效利用角度出发,结合生物材料尺寸均匀、形态多变、结构精密、环境友好等优点,综述了生物模板法合成锂离子电池电极材料的研究进展,并对该领域的发展方向进行了展望。     

热丝TIG堆焊Inconel 625层组织成形研究

采用热丝钨极惰性气体保护焊,用ENiCrMo-3型焊丝在Q235B钢管内表面进行堆焊试验。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对堆焊层微观组织进行观察和元素成分分析,利用显微硬度计测定试样硬度分布。结果表明,堆焊层组织主要为γ-Ni单相奥氏体,在晶界处有碳化物析出;堆焊层组织自熔合线至顶部的基本形态依次为平面晶、胞晶、树枝晶、等轴晶及顶部横向柱状晶;熔合线附近有少量魏氏体组织形成;试样硬度自基材至堆焊层方向呈递增趋势;上层组织在晶界位置贫Cr较下层严重,从金相看其晶粒受到的侵蚀作用更明显。     

燃料电池用QCS键和层析硅胶膜的制备及其性能表征

以季铵化壳聚糖(QCS)和层析硅胶为原料,制备了不同硅胶含量的多孔膜。用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对多孔膜的结构和形貌进行表征。同时,考察了层析硅胶的用量对多孔膜的含水率(WU)、溶胀度(SR)、机械性能和电导率的影响。结果表明,随着层析硅胶含量的增加,多孔膜的含水率、溶胀度和电导率均升高,但机械性能下降。当层析硅胶的用量为40%时,多孔膜的含水率高达816%,但是膜的溶胀度仅为189%,拉伸强度为5.6MPa,断裂伸长率为4.2%;在测试温度为70℃时,不同层析硅胶含量多孔膜的电导率数值分布在2.4~3.9×10~(-2)S/cm的范围内,且随硅胶含量的增加而增加。     

Modelling and characterisation for the responsive performance of CF/PLA and CF/PEEK smart materials fabricated by 4D printing

4D printing, which is the combination of 3D printing technology and printable smart materials, provides the potential of automating actuation devices. In this paper, we have used a modified-fused deposition modelling 3D printing technology to fabricate a double-layer laminate smart material, which can be activated by temperature directly or by an electric circuit indirectly. A double-layer laminate mathematical model has been developed to describe the bending behaviour caused by the mismatch strain between the surface layer and the basal layer. The electrocaloric deformation testings were performed to find the different bending rules of this low-cost printed active composite in different physical states. The considerable maximal deformation values and deformation force (7?mm and 100?mN for these carbon fibre (CF)/polylactic acid specimens, and 10?mm and 200?mN for these CF/polyether-ether-ketone specimens in the paper) provide this double-layer smart material and 4D printing method the prospective to be applied in biomimetic sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles.