X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of the interface between Ag electrode and PVDF film treated by electric poling

Interface changes induced by electric poling treatment between an Ag electrode deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation and a polymer thin film have been investigated. The polymer film poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), a fluoropolymer of repeat unit (–CH₂–CF₂–) was treated under electric poling at high temperature of 90°C. The characterization was accomplished using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a primary tool. The results indicate that the piezoelectricity of PVDF thin films and adhesion force between polymer thin film and metallic electrode are improved by electric poling and chemical bond joint.     

Reproducibility and stability of N–Al codoped p-type ZnO thin films

Reproducible and stable p-type ZnO thin films have been prepared by the N–Al codoping method. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that N and Al are incorporated into ZnO. The resistivity, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility are typically of 50–100 Ωcm, 1×10¹⁷–8×10¹⁷ cm⁻³, and 0.1–0.6 cm²/Vs, respectively, for the N–Al codoped p-type ZnO films. Hall measurement, X-ray diffraction, and optical transmission were carried out to investigate the changes of the properties with the storage period. Results show that the p-type characteristics of the N–Al codoped ZnO films are of acceptable reproducibility and stability. In addition, the N–Al codoped p-type ZnO films have good crystallinity and optical quality. The properties are time independent.     

.NET Web services和FCS技术在煤矿安全监管中的应用

分析了现场总线技术(FCS)在分布式测控方面的优势,比较了.NETFrame和WindowsDNA框架下Web服务的适用范围。根据煤矿行业特点,提出了应用.NETWebservices和FCS技术构建煤矿安全监管系统的技术方案。     

铝电解阴极用TiB2涂层的研究现状

简要介绍了我国铝电解工业的发展现状,指出了我国预焙铝电解槽寿命短的弊端;并分析了电解槽早期破损的原因和采用TiB2阴极涂层技术提高电解槽寿命的机理;叙述了新一代常温固化TiB2阴极涂层的特点,并强调应用新一代常温固化TiB2阴极涂层技术,提高电解槽寿命,是符合我国国情且行之有效的措施。     

如何理解微机变压器差动保护中的相角归算

对微机变压器差动保护的原理，阐述个人的理解、观点，并就微机差动保护在试验中应注意的问题提出了一些个人的见解。     

A general simulation model developing process based on five-object framework

0　INTRODUCTIONAsimulationmodelisarepresentationofthecon structionandworkingofsomesystemofinterestandtheresultisoftenusedfordecisionmaking .Ifthesimulationmodelisnotanaccuraterepresentationoftherealsystemitwillresultinsignificantfinancialorsocialcosts .Thepeopleaffectedbydecisionsbasedonsuchmodelsareallrightlyconcernedwithwhetherthemodelanditsresultare“correct” .Thisconcernisaddressedthroughmodelverifi cationandvalidation[1] .Differentparadigmsthatrelateverificationandvali dationtosimul…     

Decentralized adaptive output regulation for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems

We address the output regulation problem for a class of large-scale nonlinear systems with a neutrally stable uncertain exosystem via a decentralized error feedback adaptive control strategy.     

逆向云在定性评价中的应用

现有的定性评价存在主观性和随意性大的缺点，缺乏客观性和精确性,云模型是一种定性与定量之间相互转换的有效工具，逆向云可以实现定量数值与定性概念的自然转换，从而得出一个用精确数值表示的定性概念．该文分析并给出了逆向云发生器的具体算法，并对还原的各特征值进行了误差分析．最后将该算法应用到射击评判上，评价结果不仅有射击准确度的评价，而且有运动员心理素质的分析，比仅仅用环数来评价一个运动员更准确、更具体．     

居住区环境设计新思维初探──跨世纪住宅设计竞赛的思考与研究

本文结合’96上海国际住宅设计竞赛方案，就居住区环境设计的理论与方法进行了探讨。     

简论产品定价法

随着社会主义的不断完善，在企业的经营决策中，产品的价格确定是一个十分重要的内容．售价决策正确与否，直接关系到企业经济效益的好坏．本文对产品定价的方法作一探讨，试图找到一种对企业来说比较实用的方法．