钛及其合金在化学及石油化学工业中的应用

钛及其合金可用于制造化学和石油化学工业中的各种设备。这是因为钛及其合金具有优异的机械性能、良好的耐腐蚀性能、生物惰性等特点。腐蚀问题是化学工业中最突出的问题之一 ,利用各种新型耐腐蚀材料 ,是解决腐蚀问题的最有效方法。因为工程纯钛的机械性能和耐蚀性能取决于氧、氮及铁之类杂质的含量 ,所以要根据机械和腐蚀化学要求选择具有各种不同强度性能的钛及其合金。杂质成分对钛的加工或应用时的可塑性有影响。压力容器应用的钛材有较高的强度要求 ,但是用作衬里及零部件时要经受较大的变形 ,因而要选择具有杂质含量少、强度较低而塑…     

从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺研究

为确定从菜西瓜中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件,以山西省临汾市菜西瓜为材料,采用酸法进行了提取果胶的试验研究。正交试验结果表明:在萃取时间为45min的前提下,从瓜瓤中提取果胶的最佳工艺条件是加水量为原料重量的4倍,85℃下,添加原料重量0.3％的多聚磷酸钠,果胶得率可达2.03％;从外果皮中提取果胶,加水量为原料重量的4倍,75℃下,添加原料重量0.7％的多聚磷酸钠,果胶得率可达2.98％。     

医用聚氯乙烯材料的表面光接枝改性

研究了在不排氧氛围下 ,紫外光照射 ,以二苯甲酮 (BP)为光引发剂 ,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)在医用聚氯乙烯 (PVC)薄膜表面的气相接枝聚合。探讨了反应条件对接枝结果的影响 ,并用正交法指出了影响因素的显著性。用傅立叶红外 (FT- IR)、水接触角作为接枝改性结果的表征。FT- IR谱图表明 GMA已接枝到 PVC膜表面。水接触角由接枝前的 78°下降到 5 4°     

济钢转炉煤气储存加压系统存在缺陷及处理措施

济钢燃气厂针对济钢转炉煤气储存加压系统的设备现状，组织了一次设备大修，大修后煤气柜升降速度提高到了1．0m/min，并解决了加压机前负压等问题。     

锥形件冲孔模设计

分析了锥面斜孔冲裁的工艺性,介绍了一种新型的锥形件冲孔模结构。实践证明,该模具结构合理,生产的制件可以满足使用要求。     

地球物理与中国的可持续发展

在20世纪中国的发展历程中,地球物理在资源探查、环境保护和减轻自然灾害服务等诸多方面发挥了举足轻重的作用。21世纪,中国走可持续发展之路已成为必然选择。随着可持续发展思想及内涵的逐渐丰富,地球物理必将为中国的可持续发展起到更大作用。     

深孔薄壁件挤压模CAD系统

介绍了利用ActiveXAutomation技术，以VB为开发工具，并采用参数化绘图研究开发的深孔薄壁件挤压模CAD系统。     

减压渣油与FCC油浆共炭化的化学组成变化

考察了齐鲁石化胜利炼油厂催化油浆（FCC）和胜利减压渣油（VR）在490℃，0.8MPa下不同混合比的原料和不同反应时间的中间产物的HS、TS、PS、P及其1h中间产物的HS和TS的^1H-NMR。数据结果反映了体系的反应速度。掺入FCC油浆抑制了VR的反应活性，降低了体系的反应速度，增加了基质的溶解度；1h中间产物的组成结构更接近于原料及反应体系的反应性和基质的溶解度；1h中间产物的芳香度越高，取代基越少，侧链越短，基质对VR中的活性反应组分在炭化早期生成的高度缩合物质的溶解度越大。     

Automatic conversion from lexical words to prosodic words for mandarin text-to-speech system

In real speech, not like lexical words (LWs), prosodic words (PWs) are basic rhythmic units. The naturalness of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system is directly influenced by the segmentation of the PWs. Most of the PWs are the combination of several LWs. In this paper, three Lexical Combination Models are proposed to combine LWs into PWs, including a Directed Acyclic Graph Model, a Segmentation Model and a Markov Model (MM). To cope with the situation where some long LWs should be segmented into two or more PWs, a Lexical Split Model (LSM) is applied to the long LWs. Experimental results prove that relatively constant results with various training data can be obtained from a MM. The Transformation-Based Error Driven Learning (TBED) algorithm, for its high performance of individual property, is applied in combination with the MM to improve the precision of PW segmentation. Experiments show that among the three proposed models, the MM combined with TBED and LSM, leads to the best performance, in which a precision of 93.00% and a recall of 93.23% are achieved. The perception test indicates that by using PWs as the lowest prosodic units a speech sounds more natural and acceptable than by using LWs. This paper is supported by NSFC Project (60503071); 973 Natural Basic Research Program of China (2004CB318102); Postdoctor Science Foundation of P. R. China (20070420275).     

A new efficient method for one‐pot conversions of aryl carboxylic acids into nitriles without solvent

A new efficient method for synthesising nitriles, important organic reagents, is reported in this paper. In an environmentally benign solvent‐free system, aryl carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding nitriles via one‐pot reactions, by amidation with ethyl carbamate followed by dehydration with thionyl chloride, in excellent yields. The results showed that the method has the advantages of lower cost, higher yield, less pollution and greater ease of work‐up. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry