Transfer of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes From Silicon Growth Substrate to Copper

III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on Si (111) substrates have the potential of low-cost manufacturing for solid-state lighting and display, by taking advantage of the well-developed IC technologies of silicon. In this letter, LEDs grown on silicon substrates were transferred onto copper substrates, to maximize light extraction and heat dissipation. On Si substrates, $hbox{300} times hbox{300} muhbox{m}^{2}$ multiple quantum well InGaN LEDs were first grown and processed. The top surface of the fabricated devices was then temporarily bonded to a sapphire wafer and the Si substrate was chemically etched. Ti/Al/Ti/Au layers were deposited on the backside of LEDs. An 80-$muhbox{m}$ -thick copper layer was electroplated and the temporary bonding was removed, resulting in LEDs on copper substrate. The optical output power of LEDs on copper increased by $sim$ 70% as compared to that of the LEDs on silicon. The improved performance was attributed to the removal of the light-absorbing Si substrate and the good thermal conductivity of copper.      

流体包裹体在松辽盆地成藏期次研究中的应用

利用流体包裹体在储层中的种类、含量、分布等常规特征以及它们与成岩矿物的结构关系,可以分析油气运移及圈闭充注模式;根据包裹体的均一温度并结合盆地的古地温史和埋藏史,可以确定油气成藏期次。应用显微—红外光谱技术、包裹体的鉴定和均一温度测定技术,分析了松辽盆地中浅层和深层样品的包裹体。同时利用红外光谱的有关参数划分了各井包裹体的油气成藏期次,结果与镜下鉴定结论相一致,并确定了其中油气包裹体的成熟度。同时利用流体包裹体均一温度并结合埋藏史和古地温史,研究了松辽盆地部分地区油气成藏期次。     

发挥“日产7000t综采成套设备”效能实现高产高效

总结了铁法矿务局晓南矿综采一阶依靠科学管理，发挥日产７０００ｔ综采成套设备效能，实现高产高效的生产技术管理经验。     

A comparison of CFD‐simulations and measurements of the temperature stratification in a mixing box of an air‐handling unit

This paper presents a comparison between CFD‐simulations and measurements of the temperature stratification in a mixing box of an air‐handling unit. We have used data from field measurements during a period of over a year for different outside temperatures. We performed two‐dimensional CFD‐simulations for four different outside temperatures with commercially available software. The measurements as well as the simulations show that the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the duct downstream of the mixing box is considerable. It increases, as the outside temperature decreases. However, the discrepancies between the measurements and the simulations are large. The reasons for this are uncertain boundary conditions and modelling errors leading to an inaccurate simulation result. The stratification downstream of the mixing box implies large sensor errors and the use of the mixed air temperature for control and fault detection must therefore be questioned. Averaging sensors, which take a mean value over the duct section, can be used but do not consider differences in velocities and are therefore not accurate either. In order to, for example, use CFD as a tool to decide the optimal sensor location a more accurate model and more information regarding the boundary conditions is needed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of laser recrystallization and hydrogen annealing on electrical characteristics of polysilicon

 Asenic ions are implanted with doses of 5×10~(11)—5×10~(15)/cm~2 into LPCVD polysilicon films on SiO_2 isolating substrate.The polysilicon films have been recrystallized with CW Ar~+ laser before implantation.Electrical measurements show that the resistivity is lowered and the mobility is increased significantly at low doping concentration(～10~(17)As~+/cm~3).Plasma hydrogen annealing is performed on laser-recrystallized samples.The electrical characteristics of plasma hydrogen annealed samples are close to that of single crystalline silicon.It is found that the resistivity decreases from 1.2 Ω.cm to 0.45 Ω.cm,the mobility rises from 62 cm~2/V.s to 271 cm~2/V.s,the electrical activation energy reduces from 0.03 eV to -0.007 eV and the trapping state density at the grain boundary drops from 3.7×10~(11)/cm~2 to 1.7×10~(11)/cm~2.Based on the existing theoretical models for conduction in polysilicon, a new formula for large grain polysilicon has been proposed,with the help of which,a good agreement between theory and experimental results is achieved within the doping concentration range from 10~(16)/cm~3 to 10~(20)/cm~3.     

Melting and solidification properties of the nanoparticles of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu lead-free solder alloy

The Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (wt.%) lead-free solder alloy is considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace the traditionally used Sn–Pb solder. However, this alloy composition has some weaknesses, mainly as a result of its higher melting temperature compared to the eutectic Sn–Pb solder. In this paper, lead-free solder alloy nanoparticles of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu were synthesized by chemical reduction with NaBH₄ as reducing agent. The experimental results indicated that the major particle size of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu nanoparticles was smaller than 100 nm. The melting and solidification properties of the Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu nanoparticles were studied by differential scanning calorimetry at different scanning rates. It was evidenced by the differential scanning calorimetry curves that the melting temperature of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu nanoparticles was lower than that of the bulk alloy. In addition, the undercooling of the Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu nanoparticles was in the range of 82.0–88.5 °C at different cooling rates, which was much larger than that of the Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu micro-sized particles, showing stronger cooling rate dependence.     

Multilevel Hierarchically Ordered Artificial Biomineral

Living organisms are known for creating complex organic–inorganic hybrid materials such as bone, teeth, and shells, which possess outstanding functions as compared to their simple mineral forms. This has inspired many attempts to mimic such structures, but has yielded few practical advances. In this study, a multilevel hierarchically ordered artificial biomineral (a composite of hydroxyapatite and gelatine) with favorable nanomechanical properties is reported. A typical optimized HAp/gelatin hybrid material in the perpendicular direction of the HAp c‐axis has a modulus of 25.91 + 1.78 GPa and hardness of 0.90 + 0.10 GPa, which well matches that of human cortical bone (modulus 24.3 + 1.4 GPa, hardness 0.69 + 0.05 GPa). The bottom‐up crystal constructions (from nano‐ to micro‐ to macroscale) of this material are achieved through a hard template approach by the phase transformation from DCP to HAp. The structural biomimetic material shows another way to mimic the complex hierarchical designs of sclerous tissues which have potential value for application in hard tissue engineering.     

ISO14064的价格乱象

如果把当前的碳排放交易看做促进低碳的手段之一,清洁发展机制(CDM)、自愿减排的均衡发展才能推进整个市场.然而,在记者调查中发现,ISO 14064为代表的自愿减排市场却呈现出"价格暗战".     

添加剂及储藏温度对糯性粉团抗老化的研究

研究了在不同储藏温度(-18、4、25和37℃)下的糯性粉团,通过分析储藏0-5 d中的水分含量、水分活度、质构特性和热力学特性的变化来研究老化性质,并对食品添加剂对其抗老化作用作了研究。研究表明:(1)在各个储藏温度条件下,食品添加剂的加入可以有效地抑制糯性粉团的老化回生,可使糯性粉团的硬度较小、水分含量较高、水分活度较低、DSC测定的ΔH较小。(2)在-18℃条件下储藏的糯性粉团的老化速率最慢,经过自然解冻后其品质接近于新鲜糯性粉团。当储藏温度位于冰点温度(0℃)以上时,在4℃储藏的糯性粉团的老化速率相比25℃和37℃要快很多,且37℃条件下储藏的糯性粉团的老化速率低于在25℃条件下储藏的糯性粉团。表明糯性粉团最适宜的储藏温度应是-18℃。而当储藏温度位于冰点温度(0℃)以上时,温度越低,糯性粉团的老化回生愈加显著。