聚酰胺6及其长丝的生产新技术

大家都知道大规模生产PA-6和PA-66纤维的重要性,然而由于历史的原因,在50年代初期PA-6纤维在PA纤维中的比例甚低,只是在最近几年里PA-6纤维产量才大幅度增加,1974年猛增至占PA纤维总量的55％,PA-6纤维之所以比PA-66纤维增长得快主要有以下几方面原因: 1.制取PA-6纤维所需的总能量包括     

南湾矿留矿法和分层充填法开采对地压状态的影响

1972年和1973年,作者在一座相当浅(250米)的矿山进行了井下地压现象研究,以确定深部矿体开采的设计参数,同时也研究了矿带中的构造应力。南湾(South Bay)矿位于安大略省西北部,距伊厄福耳斯82公里。矿床成因属海底火山喷发,在班岩(底盘)和火山岩(顶盘)的接触带生成矿体。所有这些岩石极易破碎,但却坚固,班岩和火山岩的主要组分是二氧化硅。     

纺纱系统的选择

如何选择纺纱方法?能否用新的纺纱系统代替环锭纺?本文对此作些分析。 1.环锭纺至少在公元2000年以前能保持现时世界范围的锭子水平。 2.每年大约仍然有250到300万纱锭在安装着。 3.环锭纺的生产率将继续保持着每隔20年增加一倍的趋势。这些情况是由Schlabhorst公司执行副经理Josef Derichs博士最近一篇分析纺纱工     

采用双线圈电磁搅拌系统灵活控制结晶器内的搅拌

１概述在将电磁搅拌用于小方坯和大型坯连铸的同时，人们就已经认识到了控制结晶器搅拌的必要性。工业经验表明，要提高连铸坯、特别是高碳钢和合金钢连铸坯的内部质量，就需要加强结晶器内的搅拌，同时要求加强弯月面区的搅拌来有效控制气泡的产生，但是必须对搅拌强度加...     

Identification of Hammerstein systems with asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearities using canonical parameterized model

A non-iterative identification method with parameterization of the unknown dead-zone is proposed for Hammerstein systems in presence of asymmetric dead-zone nonlinearities.The canonical parameterized model which is a single expression without segmentation is utilized to describe the dead-zone,based on which a universal-type parametric model can be established to approximate the entire system.This model can be established without separating the nonlinear part from the linear part.The dead-zone parameters and the coefficients in the linear transfer function can be estimated simultaneously according to the proposed algorithm.Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Automated zebrafish chorion removal and single embryo placement: optimizing throughput of zebrafish developmental toxicity screens

The potential of the developing zebrafish model for toxicology and drug discovery is limited by inefficient approaches to manipulating and chemically exposing zebrafish embryos-namely, manual placement of embryos into 96- or 384-well plates and exposure of embryos while still in the chorion, a barrier of poorly characterized permeability enclosing the developing embryo. We report the automated dechorionation of 1600 embryos at once at 4 h postfertilization (hpf) and placement of the dechorionated embryos into 96-well plates for exposure by 6 hpf. The process removed ≥95% of the embryos from their chorions with 2% embryo mortality by 24 hpf, and 2% of the embryos malformed at 120 hpf. The robotic embryo placement allocated 6-hpf embryos to 94.7% ± 4.2% of the wells in multiple 96-well trials. The rate of embryo mortality was 2.8% (43 of 1536) from robotic handling, the rate of missed wells was 1.2% (18 of 1536), and the frequency of multipicks was <0.1%. Embryo malformations observed at 24 hpf occurred nearly twice as frequently from robotic handling (16 of 864; 1.9%) as from manual pipetting (9 of 864; 1%). There was no statistical difference between the success of performing the embryo placement robotically or manually.     

Information analysis of single photon emission computed tomography with count losses

An analysis is presented of the information transfer from emitter-space to detector-space in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems. The analysis takes into account the fact that count loss side information is generally not available at the detector. Side information corresponds to the number gamma-rays lost deleted due to lack of interaction with the detector data. It is shown that the information transfer depends on the structure of the likelihood function of the emitter locations associated with the detector data. This likelihood function is the average of a set of ideal-detection likelihood functions, each matched to a particular set of possible deleted gamma-ray paths. A lower bound is derived for the information gain due to incorporating the count loss side information at the detector. This is shown to be significant when the mean emission rate is small or when the gamma-ray deletion probability is strongly dependent on emitter location. Numerical evaluations of the mutual information, with and without side information, associated with information-optimal apertures and uniform parallel-hole collimators are presented.     

非饱和水力传导系数的简易实验室测量方法

本文描述一种采用常规的实验装置在短时间内测量土层非饱和水力传导率的简易方法,称为"向上入渗法".这一方法基于在控制压力的条件下测量土的吸水量,从而来估算土层在湿润状态下的水力传导系数.将其结果与恒定加水量法、小增量压力变化法、一步法以及杰克逊理论模型的计算结果进行了比较.采用向上入渗法与采用恒定加水量法的结果很接近,但稍大于一步法而小于杰克逊理论模型的结果.这种测定方法限定负压值约为一米.     

Prevention of dark-cutting (DFD) beef in penned bulls at the abattoir

There is a large body of evidence indicating that activities associated with regrouping of bulls before slaughter, which leads to physical exhaustion mainly from mounting, are primary factors inducing dark-cutting (DFD) in beef. The aim of this study was to test several methods to control activity when regrouping cannot be avoided. Fifty bulls previously individually tied for at least 16 months were drafted into groups of five animals and released in a pen at the abattoir. After 18 to 22 h they were slaughtered. According to environmental conditions in the pen, the bulls were divided into four groups: Control group (n = 10, no experimentation); Electricity group (n = 10, an electric fence was constructed above the pen so that a mounting bull would receive an electric shock); Darkness group (n = 10, the whole stall was in darkness); and Combination group (n = 20, both treatments, of the electricity and darkness groups were applied). During the first hour of penning the behaviour of the bulls was videorecorded. After slaughter meat quality characteristics were measured. Dark-cutting was found in Control (70%), Electricity (30%) and Darkness (70%) groups, but not in the Combination group (0%). No treatment altered the repertoire of agonistic activity, but under the combined treatments the number of agonistic interactions was significantly lower than in any other group.