Multipath optical thermometry realized in CaSc2O4: Yb3+/Er3+ with high sensitivity and superior resolution

Design and fabrication of contactless optical thermometer with rapid and accurate performance has become a research hotspot in recent years. Herein, CaSc₂O₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ is employed as the intermediary for temperature sensing under the excitation of 980 nm, which is proven to afford an ultra-sensitive and high-resolution optical thermometry in multiple ways based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology. The optimal thermal sensing behaviors are realized by the FIR of Er³⁺:²H_11/2 → ⁴I_15/2 to ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 transition, which has a relative sensitivity of 1184/T² and a minimal resolution of 0.03 K along with a maximal absolute error of 0.96 K. Besides that, the FIR between the thermally coupled Stark sublevels of Er³⁺:⁴F_9/2 manifold (FIR_R) as well as that of Er³⁺: ⁴I_13/2 manifold (FIR_N) can also provide excellent optical thermometry. The relative sensitivity of FIR_R-based and FIR_N-based optical thermometers are calculated to be 402/T² and 366/T², respectively, with a same minimal resolution of 0.09 K, which possess the potential to be used for biomedicine due to the inherent advantage of their operating wavelengths located in the biological window. The results demonstrate that CaSc₂O₄: Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ is a promising candidate for temperature sensing with multipath, high sensitivity, and superior resolution.     

Investigation of packaging adhesive properties by molecular dynamics and experiments

Adhesive polymer is a common and important material used for packaging of microelectronics and microsystem by attaching dies onto packaging shell, and its mechanical property plays a vital role in isolating dies from the thermal stress of substrate. Therefore, it is extremely significant to evaluate the polymer property in a specific packaging process. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is conducted in this article to investigate the material properties of the cross-linked epoxy resin formed by epoxy resin component diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) and curing agent 1,6-Diaminohexane. The polymer network with conversion up to 87.5% is successfully generated and simulated by constant pressure-constant temperature ensemble (NPT) and canonical ensemble (NVT) at different temperatures of curing process. Glass transition temperature (T_g) and Young's modulus are extracted and the predicted material properties are in great agreement with the experimental data. The conclusion provides a guideline to design the special curing process for different adhesive requirements.     

A (4-fluorophenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide-modified epoxy resin with improved flame-retardancy,hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties

The compound (4-fluorophenyl)(phenyl) phosphine oxide (4-FPO) was designed, synthesized, and used in the modification of epoxy resin (EP). The 4-FPO-modified EP was prepared by curing the reaction mixture of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4-FPO in the presence of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). Compared with the unmodified EP, the limiting oxygen index value of the EP/4-FPO-0.6 (4-FPO-modified EP with 0.6 wt% of phosphorus) increased to 31.6%, and the sample achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. The peak of the heat release rate, average of the heat release rate, and total heat release of EP/4-FPO-0.6 were reduced by 39, 24, and 19%, respectively. Mechanism study showed that the quenching effect in the gas and barrier effect in the condensed phase were responsible for the enhanced flame-retardant properties of the 4-FPO-modified EP. The results showed that hydrophobicity and dielectric properties of the modified EP were clearly improved.     

巯基改性木薯秸秆吸附水体Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)特性

以废弃木薯秸秆为原料,经碱化、添加巯基官能团进行改性得到吸附剂,对其进行了表征,并研究了不同条件下吸附剂的对Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)吸附性能。结果表明,木薯秸秆成功引入巯基基团。经过巯基改性后的木薯秸秆的吸附量得到提升,吸附量随p H的升高而增大,在30 min内吸附量可迅速达到平衡,吸附动力学符合准2级动力学方程。对Cu(Ⅱ)的等温吸附符合Langmiur等温模型,近似于单层吸附,理论最高吸附量为65.36 mg/g;对Zn(Ⅱ)的等温吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,以多分子层吸附为主,理论最高吸附量为60.24 mg/g。两者吸附过程均为自发的放热过程。     

机组协同-分布卸荷的风电场-柔直并网系统故障穿越方法

为降低风电场-柔性直流并网系统在交流主网发生低电压故障时的穿越成本,提出一种直流耗能装置与风电机组卸荷电路协同作用的电网故障穿越策略,在电网故障时送端换流器配合风电场快速降低直流功率输出.由于直流耗能装置仅在故障发生的前期、风电场输出功率下降前起到限制直流电压升高的作用,该策略能够显著降低直流耗能装置的体积.在此基础上,该策略将直流耗能装置中的耗能电阻分散置入到受端模块化多电平换流器中,进一步降低了卸荷成本.最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件中,构建了风电场-柔性直流并网系统的仿真算例,对所提出的故障穿越方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证.     

基于GaN的高频Boost变换器优化设计

该文围绕同步整流型Boost拓扑效率提升这一关键问题展开研究.作为Boost变换器三种工作模式之一,临界导通模式(BCM)下的Boost变换器可以实现主功率开关的零电压开通或谷底开通以及续流管的零电流关断,有助于提升变换器效率.此外,采用同步整流技术可进一步减小传统续流二极管的导通损耗.该文从BCM下的参数设计出发,重点研究变换器的死区时间配置方法.该方法理论上减小了内部体二极管的导通损耗,在输出电流较大的情况下,有助于进一步提升变换器效率.此外,还总结Boost变换器的主要损耗计算方法.最后,利用GaN功率开关器件,搭建一台额定功率为500W的实验样机,其峰值效率达到了98％,功率密度达到了96W/in3(1in3=1.63871×10?5m3).实现了高效、高功率密度的设计目标,验证了理论分析的正确性.     

中频条件下真空灭弧室的纵向磁场仿真

该文研究了中频400～800Hz条件下纵磁真空灭弧室内的磁场特性,利用Ansys Maxwell求解了三维瞬态纵向磁场分布.由计算结果可知:在电流变化的过程中,中心区域纵向磁场的变化明显滞后于其他区域.电流峰值时在触头片开槽交错放置的位置有磁场峰值区域,电流过零时中心区域有明显剩磁.当频率增加时,涡流效应更明显,使纵向磁场的磁感应强度值减弱.对中心点,频率提高导致过零时剩磁增加,磁场滞后相位更明显,影响电弧扩散.增加触头片开槽数可以减弱涡流效应,而增加触头杯座槽旋转角,触头中间平面磁感应强度的最大值近似线性增加.文中通过分析电弧形态和电压等实验结果验证了磁场滞后对真空灭弧室的开断能力的影响.     

直流配电网光伏变流器柔性出力自适应分段下垂控制

在含光伏的直流配电网系统中,传统的下垂控制在光伏出力变化的情况下,存在功率分配不均衡及母线电压偏差大等问题。针对光伏出力受环境因素影响较为严重,引起传统下垂控制效果变差这一问题,根据光伏出力变化情况自适应调节下垂特性曲线,使其在重载条件下实现功率的精确分配,在轻载条件下,实现母线电压的稳定控制。通过建立下垂控制输出阻抗模型,分析了下垂系数自适应变化对系统环流抑制能力及均流度的影响。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建光伏直流配电网进行仿真验证。理论分析和仿真验证表明所提光伏变流器柔性出力自适应分段下垂控制能够按照光伏电源出力动态调节功率分配任务,在重载时可以提高系统功率分配精度,轻载情况下可以减小直流母线电压偏差。     

一种新型化学链制氢与SOFC集成的能量系统

提出了一种化学链制氢(chemical looping hydr-ogen,CLH)与固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel,SOFC)相结合的新型发电系统,并利用?分析法研究了该新型发电循环。在该系统中,氢气由化学链制氢子系统产生,循环材料是FeO和Fe3O4。固体氧化物燃料电池的余热在化学链制氢子系统中被利用,并通过化学链中的还原反应转化为化学能。在?平衡的基础上进行了系统关键参数的分析,并对化学链关键过程进行了研究。同时,由于化学链可以实现CO2无能耗的分离,新系统可以在分离二氧化碳的条件下实现净效率61.2%。?分析法表明,新系统获得高性能的主要原因是废热的梯级利用和高效制氢。结果表明,这种新型的热循环是实现甲烷化学能高效利用同时实现低能耗分离CO2的有效途径。     

基于体效应的SiC MOSFET器件栅极老化监测方法研究

长期以来,栅极老化一直是SiC MOSFET器件可靠性研究的关键,而偏置温度不稳定性则是栅极老化的重要现象。由于栅极老化的偏置温度不稳定性存在应力撤出后的恢复现象,如能在可靠性实验中快速、准确地监测SiC MOSFET器件的栅极老化变化量,对可靠性研究具有重要意义。因此,文中提出一种新的栅极老化监测方法。该方法以体效应下的阈值电压VTH(body)为基础,建立理论模型来描述VTH(body)和栅极老化之间的关系。提出在栅极电压开关过程中从体二极管电压–栅极电压曲线中得到VTH(body)的方法,并详细研究实验参数对VTH(body)的影响。此外,通过高温栅偏实验对VTH(body)的实用价值进行验证,并与栅极老化参数阈值电压VTH进行对比。实验结果证明,提出的新型栅极老化监测方法可以实现栅极老化的快速、准确及非恒温环境监测。