UHV/CVD法生长硅基低位错密度厚锗外延层

采用超高真空化学气相淀积系统,以高纯Si2 H6和GeH4作为生长气源,用低温缓冲层技术在Si(001)衬底上成功生长出厚的纯Ge外延层.对Si衬底上外延的纯Ge层用反射式高能电子衍射仪、原子力显微镜、X射线双晶衍射曲线和Ra-man谱进行了表征.结果表明在Si基上生长的约550nm厚的Ge外延层,表面粗糙度小于1nm,XRD双晶衍射曲线和Ra-man谱Ge-Ge模半高宽分别为530'和5.5cm-1,具有良好的结晶质量.位错腐蚀结果显示线位错密度小于5×105cm-2可用于制备Si基长波长集成光电探测器和Si基高速电子器件.     

太赫兹Si/SiGe量子级联激光器波导模拟

波导层结构设计是制备太赫兹(THz)量子级联激光器的关键问题之一.本文基于德鲁得(Drude)模型,利用时域有限差分(FDTD)法,对Si/SiGe量子级联激光器的波导层进行优化设计,从理论上对传统的递变折射率波导、单面金属波导、双面金属波导以及金属/金属硅化物波导横磁模(TM模)的模式损耗和光场限制因子进行了对比分析.结果表明,金属/金属硅化物波导不但可以减小波导损耗,而且有很高的光学限制因子,同时其工艺也比双面金属波导容易实现,为Si/SiGe太赫兹量子级联激光器波导层的设计提供了一定的理论指导.     

模糊强化学习型的图像矢量量化算法

本文给出了一种新的图像矢量量化码书的优化设计方法.传统矢量量化方法只考虑了码字与训练矢量之间的吸引影响,所以约束了最优解的寻解空间.本文提出了一种新的学习机理--模糊强化学习机制,该机制在传统的吸引因子基础上,引入新的排斥因子,极大地释放了吸引因子对最优解的寻解空间的约束.新的模糊强化学习机制没有采用引入随机扰动的方法来避免陷入局部最优码书,而是通过吸引因子和排斥因子的合力作用,较准确地确定了每个码字的最佳移动方向,从而使整体码书向全局最优解靠近.实验结果表明,基于模糊强化学习机制的矢量量化算法始终稳定地取得显著优于模糊K-means算法的性能,较好地解决了矢量量化中的码书设计容易陷入局部极小和初始码书影响优化结果的问题.     

Bacteria-Responsive Self-Assembly of Antimicrobial Peptide Nanonets for Trap-and-Kill of Antibiotic-Resistant Strains

Bacterial trapping using nanonets is a ubiquitous immune defense mechanism against infectious microbes. These nanonets can entrap microbial cells, effectively arresting their dissemination and rendering them more vulnerable to locally secreted microbicides. Inspired by this evolutionarily conserved anti-infective strategy, a series of 15 to 16 residue-long synthetic β-hairpin peptides is herein constructed with the ability to self-assemble into nanonets in response to the presence of bacteria, enabling spatiotemporal control over microbial killing. Using amyloid-specific K114 assay and confocal microscopy, the membrane components lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide are shown to play a major role in determining the amyloid-nucleating capacity as triggered by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively. These nanonets displayed both trapping and killing functionalities, hence offering a direct improvement from the trap-only biomimetics in literature. By substituting a single turn residue of the non-amyloidogenic BTT1 peptide, the nanonet-forming BTT1-3A analog is produced with comparable antimicrobial potency. With the same sequence manipulation approach, BTT2-4A analog modified from BTT2 peptide showed improved antimicrobial potency against colistin-resistant clinical isolates. The peptide nanonets also demonstrated robust stability against proteolytic degradation, and promising in vivo efficacy and biosafety profile. Overall, these bacteria-responsive peptide nanonets are promising clinical anti-infective alternatives for circumventing antibiotic resistance.     

高效率低电磁干扰的升压型DC–DC转换器

A synchronous boost DC-DC converter with an adaptive dead time control （DTC） circuit and antiringing circuit is presented. The DTC circuit is used to provide adjustable dead time and zero inductor current detection for power transistors and therefore, a high efficiency is achieved by minimizing power losses, such as the shoot-through current loss, the body diode conduction loss, the charge-sharing loss and the reverse inductor current loss. Simultaneously, a novel anti-ringing circuit controlled by the switching sequence of power transistors is developed to suppress the ringing when the converter enters the discontinuous conduction mode （DCM） for low electromagnetic interference （EMI） and additional power savings. The proposed converter has been fabricated in a 0.6 #m CDMOS technology. Simulation and experimental results show that the power efficiency of the boost converter is above 81% under different load currents from 10 to 250 mA and a peak efficiency of 90% is achieved at about 100 mA. Moreover, the ringing is easily suppressed by the anti-ringing circuit and therefore the EMI noise is attenuated.     

Solution‐Processed Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers in High Efficiency Polymer Photovoltaic Cells

The detailed characterization of solution‐derived nickel (II) oxide (NiO) hole‐transporting layer (HTL) films and their application in high efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is reported. The NiO precursor solution is examined in situ to determine the chemical species present. Coordination complexes of monoethanolamine (MEA) with Ni in ethanol thermally decompose to form non‐stoichiometric NiO. Specifically, the [Ni(MEA)₂(OAc)]⁺ ion is found to be the most prevalent species in the precursor solution. The defect‐induced Ni³⁺ ion, which is present in non‐stoichiometric NiO and signifies the p‐type conduction of NiO, as well as the dipolar nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) species are confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with a polymer/fullerene photoactive layer blend composed of poly‐dithienogermole‐thienopyrrolodione (pDTG‐TPD) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) are fabricated using these solution‐processed NiO films. The resulting devices show an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.8%, which is a 15% improvement over devices utilizing a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL. The enhancement is due to the optical resonance in the solar cell and the hydrophobicity of NiO, which promotes a more homogeneous donor/acceptor morphology in the active layer at the NiO/BHJ interface. Finally, devices incorporating NiO as a HTL are more stable in air than devices using PEDOT:PSS.     

石油石化行业清洗中的高压水射流技术

本文主要介绍了清水射流清洗、脉冲射流清洗、空化射流清洗、磨料射流清洗、带电气溶性射流清洗，还包括射流与机械刀具联合清洗等高压水射流清洗。并对高压水射流在清洗中的应用给予展望。     

催化裂化装置掺炼直馏柴油效果分析

中国石油玉门油田分公司炼油化工总厂针对汽油市场需求量大,柴汽比下降的趋势,在催化裂化装置中掺炼了29.52%的直馏柴油。从催化裂化装置原料性质、产品分布、关键工艺参数等多方面优化催化裂化装置的运行,在确保催化裂化汽油产品质量合格的情况下,装置总液体收率增加1.11百分点,汽油收率提高1.75百分点,柴油收率提高0.19百分点,柴汽比下降0.03单位,同时油浆固含量、催化剂单耗等关键指标均得到较大改善。并对典型燃料型炼油厂催化裂化装置掺炼直馏柴油后,全厂汽油池辛烷值和柴油池十六烷值变化进行了分析,针对汽油辛烷值、柴油十六烷值下降的情况提出了优化运行的建议。     

渤海A油田扇三角洲相低渗储层特征及物性控制因素

为弄清渤海A油田沙三下亚段的储层特征及物性控制因素,利用薄片、扫描电镜、压汞及常规物性等分析化验资料,分析了储层的岩石成分、孔隙类型及结构、物性特征,并从沉积、成岩和构造作用等方面探讨了储层物性的控制因素。研究表明,沙三下亚段扇三角洲储层主要由成分成熟度低的岩屑长石砂岩组成,孔隙类型主要为原生粒间孔、溶蚀孔及残余原生孔组成的混合孔,孔喉结构表现为微细-细特征,属于低、特低孔-特低渗储层。储层物性主要受控于沉积作用、溶蚀作用及构造活动等。扇三角洲前缘分流河道及河口砂坝沉积环境控制了砂岩碎屑颗粒的粒度和分选,物性较好。压实和胶结作用是储层低渗的主要原因,有机酸对长石、岩屑的溶蚀造成了储层次生孔隙的发育,异常高压的形成减弱了压实作用的强度,促进了原生粒间孔的保存。构造活动形成的断层附近裂缝发育,有助于改善储层物性。综合分析认为,水动力较强的原始沉积环境、后期溶蚀改造及裂缝发育是相对高孔渗储层发育的主控因素。     

利用地震信息研究沉积体系平面分布特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区高家河三维区盒八段为例

以鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区高家河三维区二叠系下石盒子组盒八段为例,阐明了利用地震信息研究沉积体系平面分布特征的方法。研究表明,岩石物性是地震资料进行沉积学解释的基础。基于90°相位地震数据体,利用时频分析技术,分析砂层地震反射频率;结合地震滤波,压制砂层地震干涉作用。地质、测井及地震相结合,对不同主频的地层切片进行沉积学解释,该方法有助于提高预测沉积体系的精度。研究区三角洲前缘亚相是盒八段的主要沉积亚相,其主要沉积微相为具有较大规模的2条分流河道。一条水下分流河道呈南东-北西向,沿S228、S232、S204、S205、Yq2和S216井展布;另一条分流水道近东西向,沿Y218、S222、Y120和S226井分布。这些水下分流水道充填砂体自然伽马曲线呈钟形、齿状钟形或箱形,在地层切片上表现为中、强能量带状反射模式。此外,一较小规模水下分流河道见于研究区西缘S212、Y217、S211、S210、S246及S247井区,在地层切片上表现为中弱能量蠕虫状、小斑块地震反射模式。