A covert attention P300-based brain-computer interface: Geospell

The Farwell and Donchin P300 speller interface is one of the most widely used brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms for writing text. Recent studies have shown that the recognition accuracy of the P300 speller decreases significantly when eye movement is impaired. This report introduces the GeoSpell interface (Geometric Speller), which implements a stimulation framework for a P300-based BCI that has been optimised for operation in covert visual attention. We compared the Geospell with the P300 speller interface under overt attention conditions with regard to effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction. Ten healthy subjects participated in the study. The performance of the GeoSpell interface in covert attention was comparable with that of the P300 speller in overt attention. As expected, the effectiveness of the spelling decreased with the new interface in covert attention. The NASA task load index (TLX) for workload assessment did not differ significantly between the two modalities. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: This study introduces and evaluates a gaze-independent, P300-based brain-computer interface, the efficacy and user satisfaction of which were comparable with those off the classical P300 speller. Despite a decrease in effectiveness due to the use of covert attention, the performance of the GeoSpell far exceeded the threshold of accuracy with regard to effective spelling.     

Light on! Real world evaluation of a P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) for environment control in a smart home

Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems aim to enable interaction with other people and the environment without muscular activation by the exploitation of changes in brain signals due to the execution of cognitive tasks. In this context, the visual P300 potential appears suited to control smart homes through BCI spellers. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the widely used character-speller is more sustainable than an icon-based one, designed to operate smart home environment or to communicate moods and needs. Nine subjects with neurodegenerative diseases and no BCI experience used both speller types in a real smart home environment. User experience during BCI tasks was evaluated recording concurrent physiological signals. Usability was assessed for each speller type immediately after use. Classification accuracy was lower for the icon-speller, which was also more attention demanding. However, in subjective evaluations, the effect of a real feedback partially counterbalanced the difficulty in BCI use. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Since inclusive BCIs require to consider interface sustainability, we evaluated different ergonomic aspects of the interaction of disabled users with a character-speller (goal: word spelling) and an icon-speller (goal: operating a real smart home). We found the first one as more sustainable in terms of accuracy and cognitive effort.     

低温对水解-AICS工艺运行效果的影响及改进措施

通过对吉林省2家采用水解-AICS工艺的城镇污水处理厂1年时间的跟踪监测,研究了低温对水解-AICS工艺运行效果的影响及改进运行措施的效果.结果表明,低温对COD去除效果影响较小,但对NH4＋-N,TN的去除效果影响较大,水温由20℃～ 24℃下降到5℃～7℃,NH4＋-N,TN平均去除率分别由89.3％,60.8％下降到68.7％,43.0％.低温条件下,AICS生化池反硝化效率和硝化效率均显著降低.厂2在水温〈10℃时,通过采取提高污泥浓度和曝气区DO浓度等措施,COD,NH4＋-N,TN处理效果均有所提高,水温低至5℃～7℃时,COD,NH4＋-N,TN平均去除率达到78.0％,77.8％,51.2％,出水水质达到一级A标准.     

多粒度空间中的粗糙隶属度与知识粒度

以一族等价关系所构成的多粒度空间为研究对象,在乐观和悲观多粒度粗糙集模型的基础上,给出两种多粒度粗糙隶属度函数以重构乐观和悲观多粒度粗糙集。从多粒度空间中一族等价关系的交集和并集出发,定义多粒度空间上的两种知识粒度,并将这两种知识粒度作为启发式信息,分别构建启发式算法以删除多粒度空间中的冗余粒空间。     

社会责任标准引领组织去向正确的方向

2010年11月发布的国际标准ISO26000：2010骷会责任指南》可以帮助组织管理社会责任问题。该标准与我们所熟知的ISO9001和ISO14000的相似之处是它们都可以帮助管理环境问题;不同之处在于ISO26000是指导性标准,而不是像ISO9001和ISO14000一样的可用于认证的管理体系。ISO26000的起草者不是质量和环境管理专业人士,而是来自社会责任的7个核心领域的专家。这7个核心领域包括：治理、人权、劳工、环境、运营实践、消费者权益和社区权益。     

中国上市公司并购绩效评价

企业并购已经成为一种至关重要的资源重新配置的方式,是市场经济有效运转的必要手段之一.如何有效地分析和评价上市公司并购的绩效,有助于找到影响并购绩效的因素并采取有效措施来规范上市公司的并购行为,进而提高上市公司并购行为的整体绩效.对选取的30支股票抽取并购前一年、并购当年、并购后一年的6项财务指标,运用因子分析和二次相对效应的方法,分析上市公司并购前后的绩效变化,考察变化的原因,并发现主观能动性突出的股票的综合得分差值大部分为正的变化规律.     

基于欺负算法的改进选举算法

欺负算法产生大量通信信息,时间开销大,占用系统资源过高,严重影响了分布式OLAP系统的性能。针对该问题,提出一种基于欺负算法的改进算法。该算法采用一对一的方式直接向性能最优的节点发送选举消息,以降低选举过程中产生信息的通信量和选举时间开销;并通过循环选举保证选举出系统的最优节点担任系统协调者。实验结果表明,该改进算法有效地降低了消息通信量,减少了时间开销,能更好的应用于分布式OLAP系统。     

一种新型高压不对称脉冲轨道电路接收器的研制

轨道电路是铁路信号系统中重要的设备之一,轨道电路的故障将影响行车安全。分路不良是其常见的故障之一,高压不对称脉冲轨道电路是解决分路不良的有效手段,然而当前的设备存在线路衰减、需要补偿、费用昂贵等缺点。提出了一种基于网络化的轨道电路接收器方案,直接在室外对高压不对称脉冲的特征参数进行提取,并通过CAN总线网络传输到室内,现场测试数据表明,系统测试精度达到设计要求,能可靠替代原接收器工作。     

基于在线拉曼光谱仪预测石脑油组成的方法研究

研究石脑油的烃组成预测问题.针对石脑油组分极其复杂和冗余特点,传统的检测方法求解方法复杂、测定时间过长等难题,为了提高准确度,提出一种基于在线拉曼光谱技术结合主成分粒子群算法的预测方法.首先获得石脑油样品的拉曼谱图,利用主成分分析对数据进行降维处理,消除数据间的冗余信息,然后采用粒子群算法对主成分分析后的数据进行预测,得到各个组成成分在石脑油中的质量分数,并将样品预测值与真实值的相关性进行分析.实验结果表明:相对于其他预测方法,该方法准确性高,现场适应性强,测定时间短,是一种高效、实时性好的石脑油组成预测方法.     

具有拥塞控制机制的可靠UDP的实现

针对UDP协议传输可靠性差及缺乏拥塞控制机制的问题,提出一种基于UDP协议的CCRUDP(Congestion ControlReliable UDP)协议.该协议根据参考接收时间间隔检测拥塞,采用自适应参数设置的A-AIAD速率调整策略动态控制数据发送速率;根据UDP可能出现乱序传输的问题,提出了基于时延要求的重发方式.仿真结果表明,CCRUDP在保持UDP高效性的前提下,能够在初期检测到网络拥塞并对传输速率进行有效的控制,提高了网络资源的利用率,降低了数据包的丢包率.