对海水进行混凝除浊预处理研究

介绍采用聚合氯化铁（PFC）为絮凝剂，对海水进行混凝除浊预处理方法。考察了原海水pH、搅拌速度、反应时间及PFC用量对海水预处理效果的影响。结果表明，在原海水pH凋至9．0，搅拌速度控制在200min^-1，反应时间选择8—10min，PFC用量0．10μg／g的最佳条件下，能使处理后的海水浊度降至0．05mol／L，而联产的酸性废水中和剂浆料中Mg（OH）2含量在25％～45％，大肠菌群的去除率大于89．3％。     

七里北地区钻井工程地质特征及提高钻速的技术途径

七里北潜伏构造南邻渡口河、北邻铁山坡,这些构造均在飞仙关鲕滩钻获良好的天然气,具有很好的勘探前景。七里北1井钻探表明,该井在飞仙关地层获天然气80×104m3,但储层埋藏深度达5600m,且侏罗系地层的钻井工程地质条件与相邻构造有显著差异,钻井速度低和钻具事故多这两大问题突出,严重制约了探井钻井速度。认真分析了七里北1井的钻井工程地质特征,有针对性地提出提高飞仙关探井钻井速度的技术途径,有利于解决钻井工程面临的突出问题,对加快该地区飞仙关鲕滩气藏的勘探速度有着重要意义。     

Performance and Commercial Application of the Promoter LCC-A for Maximization of Propylene Yield

1 Introduction Propylene as an important feedstock for organic chemicals is mainly originated from steam cracking and catalytic cracking processes. During the FCC process the propylene content varies with the FCC catalyst and process technology adopted, resulting in significant difference in propylene concentration in the cracked product——LPG. The conventional FCC pro- cess generally gives a propylene yield of around 4%, while the FCC process with maximization of propylene yield can in…     

XMAC纵波时差高分辨率处理方法

在充分调研阵列声波测井分波提取方法的基础上，针对阿特拉斯公司的交叉多极子阵列声波测井（XMACⅡ）提供的单极波形信息，研究纵波时差提取及高分辨率处理方法。首先利用相关-互功谱法高精度地提取纵波时差，然后针对XMACⅡ仪器的接收阵列，研究组合子阵列的方法，形成共发射子阵列和共接收子阵列，最后利用子阵列对提取的纵波时差做高分辨率处理。处理现场实际测井资料，并将高分辨率处理成果与引进的eXpress软件处理成果、实测的国产高分辨率声波（纵波）测井曲线及岩心纵波时差对比分析，表明该方法提取的纵波时差曲线的纵向分辨率有很大提高，时差计算准确可靠，提取的单极纵波时差与国产高分辨率声波时差及岩心纵波时差的平均相对误差均小于7%。该方法具有较高的实用价值和广阔的应用前景。     

含硫化氢气井钻井过程中的腐蚀因素与防护研究

在含硫气井的钻井过程中对于HRC大于22的钻具钢材除了腐蚀疲劳之外，在pH值小于9的环境中会发生硫化物应力腐蚀破裂，这种破坏比腐蚀疲劳更突然、更快，使钻杆大量损坏。含硫气井在钻井过程中，由于湿硫化氢的出现，常常会出现油管、套管、钻井设备、钻井仪器以及对支持保护管柱的水泥环柱等腐蚀和损坏问题，为此，阐述了湿硫化氢的腐蚀特点、机理，归纳总结了影响腐蚀的因素，综述了如何在这些方面防止其腐蚀，使损失减小，为指导油管、套管防腐工程实践提供了依据。建议在钻井过程中采用碱性钻井液，其pH值可到9或更高(至pH值12)，以减缓或防止钻井过程中电化学从硫化物应力腐蚀破裂；含硫气井用的钻杆应该间歇使用。钻杆停用堆置时间可使其放氢，使钻杆恢复韧性，防止硫化物应力腐蚀断裂。     

空气钻井技术在普光气田的应用

普光气田是四川盆地已发现的最大天然气田。普光气田已钻井实践表明,常规钻井液钻井技术机械钻速低,钻井周期长,钻井复杂及事故多,无法满足普光气田开发要求。为了提高钻井速度,缩短钻井周期,加快普光气田的开发进程,在PD-1井、P2-2井、PA-2井、P4-2井、P6-3井等5口井进行了空气钻井试验。文中分析了普光气田进行空气钻井的可行性,介绍了空气钻井技术在普光气田的实践情况,并对空气钻井的效果进行了评价,分析了空气钻井技术在普光气田进一步应用需要重视和解决的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

Co-digestion of manure and biowaste according to the EC animal by-products regulation and Finnish national regulations.

The objective of this study was to compare methane production and characteristics of digested material in anaerobic digestion concepts according to the Animal By-Products Regulation (ABP-Regulation) of the EC (hygienisation of biowaste for 1 hour at 70 degrees C, particle size < 12 mm) and Finnish national regulations (treatment temperature 55 degrees C, feeding interval 24 h, hydraulic retention time (HRT) 20 d, particle size < 40 mm) and with small variations in treatment methods for treating manure and biowaste. Moreover, the survival of three different salmonella bacteria in these processes was studied. Hygienisation of biowaste prior to digestion at 35 degrees C enhanced methane production by 14-18% compared to similar treatment without hygienisation. The differences in treatment temperature, HRT and hygienisation of biowaste prior to digestion did not significantly affect the characteristics of digested material. The concepts according to the ABP-Regulation and Finnish national regulations were effective in destroying salmonella bacteria to an undetectable level.     

气流纺坏筒纱倒筒专用设备的研制与实践

气流纺纱机项目是一种新型的纺纱设备,具有高产、高效、成纱质量好、工艺流程短的优点,是纺织企业重要的经济增长点之一.在实际生产过程中,由于多种原因,造成个别筒纱脱边、松心、坏管(习惯上称"坏筒");如果不及时处理,可能造成用户投诉,使企业遭受经济损失,也造成了纱线因损坏而浪费,增加企业的生产成本.我们为了节约生产,在以往的工作中也采取了不少方法杜绝上述问题的发生,也利用过1332M型络筒机卷绕气流纺纱,但效果不理想,改造成本较大,达不到低投入、高产出的目的.     

Pilot Plant Study of Simultaneous Sewage Sludge Digestion and Metal Leaching

This research is related to a preindustrial pilot scale study of the performance of the simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (SSDML) process for decontamination and stabilization of sewage sludge. Ten batch tests were carried out in two 4?m3 bioreactors under various conditions of operation. Results indicated that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5?g?S0/L, which is the equivalent of approximately 30 to 50?kg?S0 per tons dry sludge, is sufficient to obtain conditions of acidity (pH<2.5) and oxido-reduction potential greater than 500 mV necessary for an effective solubilization of toxic metals. The final average of metal solubilization in the output sludge during the SSDML process varied in the following ranges: 25–78% Cd, 9–32% Cr, 48–100% Cu, 77–99% Mn, 15–53% Ni, 12–47% Pb, and 66–100% Zn. The N, P, and K contents were also preserved in the decontaminated sludge. Moreover, the use of low concentrations of elemental sulfur makes it possible to obtain decontaminated sludge with a low total sulfur content (1.4–1.5% S) compatible with agricultural use. The suspended solids removal calculated for the SSDML process was slightly lower, (2.5±0.4)% volatile suspended solids per day, than those reached using standard aerobic digestion. Finally, the SSDML process was found to be effective in removing bad odors and in the destruction (99–100%) of indicator bacteria.     

DeltaV系统的特点及组态应注意的问题

本文对宁夏大元炼油化工有限责任公司炼油装置 DCS 项目使用的 Fisher-Rosemount 公司的 DeltaV 系统的特点进行了阐述,并对组态中遇到的问题进行了探讨。以期使控制组态的设计更完善,控制方案的实施更合理。