长江源水环境调查分析

2010年10月,长江水利委员会组织了第三次长江源考察,为了对长江源区水资源、水环境、水生态等方面进行综合性分析,在长江源典型代表区进行了实地采样分析。根据水样分析成果,并结合相关资料,对水体和沉积物中物理、化学元素含量及分布规律进行了归纳和总结。总体来说,长江源地区水体基本处于天然状态,尚未受到有机物污染或有机物污染程度非常低,水环境状况主要受地理、气候、降水等因素影响。     

全面建设小康社会进程中黄河流域水资源利用效率时空演变分析

提升水资源利用效率,减轻水资源短缺对经济社会发展产生的约束,是实现水资源与经济社会和谐发展的有力支撑。尝试将DEA视窗分析方法应用于水资源利用效率研究,结合超效率DEA模型,探究黄河流域九省区在全面小康社会建设进程中水资源利用效率时空演变特征,在此基础上,通过Malmquist指数分解效率变动的内在原因,并引用空间匹配度计算方法,研究水资源利用效率与全面小康相对水平匹配程度。研究发现:九省区2012—2018年水资源利用效率总体呈增加趋势,水资源利用水平具有显著空间差异性;九省区水资源利用效率的提升主要得益于技术进步TC,制约水资源利用效率提升的主要因素是综合技术效率EC;水资源利用效率与全面小康相对水平的匹配程度呈现出较强的地区差异,部分省区两者动态协同性较差,其中,宁夏需要同时提升水资源利用水平和经济社会发展水平,陕西需要提升水资源利用水平,内蒙古需要提升经济社会发展水平。     

长江流域片水资源质量评价与趋势分析

通过对长江流域片河流、湖泊、水库及省界水体2003～2017年15 a间的水质监测评价成果进行梳理,分析了流域片水资源质量状况及其变化趋势。分析结果表明:①长江流域片河流水质总体较好,以符合或优于Ⅲ类标准为主,长江干流水质以Ⅲ类为主且总体趋好。②金沙江石鼓以上、雅鲁藏布江等水资源二级区水质良好,但湖口以下干流水系、太湖水系等水域水质相对较差。③流域片近年来废污水排放总量得到了较好的控制,同时,污水处理率也得到了快速提高,对流域水资源质量改善起到了一定的积极作用;流域片湖泊水质总体较差且有恶化的趋势。④水库水质相对较好,以Ⅱ类～Ⅲ类为主,但近年来也存在恶化的风险。⑤湖泊富营养化程度较高,水库富营养化程度相对较低,但近年来流域片湖库均呈现出营养水平从低营养状态向高营养状态变化的趋势。⑥长江流域片省界水体水质以符合Ⅰ～Ⅲ类标准为主。⑦纳入评价范围的水功能区总体达标率在60%左右,其中纳入国务院批复的重要水功能区达标率相对稍高。⑧以目前水功能区达标的水平,要全面达到管理目标、实现流域片水质的根本性好转和全面改善,尚任重道远。     

辽河盆地兴隆台潜山变质岩-火山岩油藏烃类注入史及其成藏模式

流体包裹体分析在石油地质学中的主要用途之一是利用成岩矿物包裹体资料进行油气运移路径、注入时间和方向的推测、计算与判断。兴隆台潜山油藏烃类包裹体均一化温度整体上呈单峰正态或不对称单峰分布,其主要形成温度为80～100℃,反映各样品具有相近的烃类包裹体形成过程。部分井的双峰温度特征暗示存在2次烃类注入期。储层烃类充注时间距今3～35Ma,可分为2个主要的充注期:距今27～35Ma和3～24Ma,以前者注入作用更强烈。潜山内部油气是由东向西注入的。成藏分为3个阶段:a)沙三段沉积晚期,形成的少量油气进入已逐步发育并定型的圈闭中,沙三末期的短暂抬升导致已聚集成藏的油气遭受一定的氧化形成黑色沥青;b)沙二段、沙一段—东营组沉积期为潜山主要油气聚集期;c)晚第三纪以来的生烃强度较弱。潜山上覆沙四段及沙三段泥岩为良好的封盖层,使油藏得以保存。     

二连边际油田压裂改造选井方法

在总结多年来二连边际油田压裂效果的基础上，建立了一套各种影响因素与压后采油指数的相关分析方法，依此提出了压裂选井标准和压裂目标区块。实践认为，这套压裂选井方法是行之有效的，能够正确指导压裂设计，提高压裂施工成功率。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备平板玻璃减反射膜的工艺研究

应用溶胶-凝胶法技术在普通的平板玻璃上制备了具有减反射效果的SiO2薄膜,着重讨论了溶胶的组成及陈化时间对镀膜玻璃减反射性能的影响;应用原子力显微镜、激光椭圆偏振仪和分光光度仪等测定和分析了镀膜平板玻璃的特性．结果表明：膜层的增透效果与制备条件存在着一定的内在规律。     

煤体单轴压缩感应电荷时频演化规律与失稳破坏电荷评价指标

To effectively forecast the dynamic disasters caused by coal and rock failure,the mechanism of charges gen- eration and the monitoring principle of charge induced by loading on coal with deformation and failure are introduced. The monitoring experiment of charge in the course of uniaxial compression coal is carried out. The initial time of effec- tive charge generation is studied by the method based on hypothesis principle. The commonality characteristics of time series relationship with stress and induction charge in the process of evolution of coal failure are obtained. The time- frequency characteristics of charge signals in the early stage of loading and the late stage of failure are studied,and a low-pass filter based on the FIR method is designed to obtain the effective charge signals. Based on the time-frequency characteristics of induction charge in the process of coal failure evolution,the evaluation indexes of charge signals for instability failure are constructed. An intrinsically safe charge monitor is developed. The test of charge monitoring dy- namic appearance in the underground is developed. Also the effectiveness of monitoring results is verified. In conclu- sion,the results show that the method with the lilliefors test can identify the effective charge signals produced in the in- itial stage of coal loading. The charge signals of compaction stage are basically white noise. In the elastic stage,a small amount of low-amplitude effective charge signals which are difficult to identify and mixed with white noise will be pro- duced,and in the elastic-plastic transition stage,a charge signal with easy identification,relatively increased amplitude and poor continuity will be produced. In the plastic stage and failure stage,the effective charge signals increase with the increase of stress drop times and the increase of stress drop amplitude. The fluctuation amplitude of charge signals in the two stages is more intense and the continuity of high-amplitude charge signals is stronger. Through time-frequen- cy transformation,the main frequency of white noise of charge signals is not less than 50 Hz,the main frequency of charge signals produced by coal fracture is not more than 15 Hz,and the FIR low-pass filter designed can effectively reduce the noise signals and retain the high amplitude and fluctuation signals. Three evaluation indexes of charge accu- mulation,average charge intensity and charge variation coefficient are established,which can reflect the fracture state of coal body. Mean charge intensity can also reflect the stress level of coal body. The variation coefficient can more ac- curately identify the precursor points of coal body entering the accelerated failure stage. Under the influence of mining, the coefficient of variation of charge and the average charge intensity of each measuring point in the field are obviously larger than those without mining influence,and the coefficient of variation of charge decreases gradually with the dis- tance from the working face,and the average charge intensity reaches the maximum value in the range of the peak in- fluence of the abutment pressure at the advanced working face. It shows that the charge monitoring method can obtain the situation of dynamic failure of roadways. It can provide a new monitoring mean for the early warning of coal mine dynamic disasters. Key words:inducti     

炭素回转窑烟气余热的利用

目前炭素回转窑煅烧后排出的高温烟气通常通入余热锅炉来对能量进行利用,但余热锅炉的排烟温度又往往较高(约260℃左右).如果这部分低温烟气直接排入大气,既造成余热资源的浪费又对大气环境产生热污染.回收这部分热量,可将其用来进行干燥石油焦原料.     

部分相干径向偏振拉盖尔-高斯脉冲光束在大气湍流中传输的光谱移动和光谱开关

研究了部分相干径向偏振拉盖尔-高斯(partially coherent radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian, PCRPLG)脉冲光束在大气湍流中传输时的光谱移动和光谱开关。研究发现,在湍流大气传输时,光束轴上点光谱因受湍流影响产生的双谱峰现象会发生跃变,湍流越强,光谱在跃变后相对谱移变化越稳定,而轴外点光谱在越强的湍流中相对谱移变化范围越小。研究还发现,适当增加脉冲宽度会明显减小大气湍流对光束轴上点和轴外点光谱移动的影响。在不同脉宽下,轴上和轴外点光谱均会出现光谱开关,且轴外点光谱会产生两次光谱跃变的独特现象。在固定的传输距离上,拓扑荷越大,轴上点光谱移动越小,近轴范围内光谱相对谱移的变化范围越小,此外,不同拓扑荷下光谱均会出现谱开关。相干度越大时,光谱的变化越稳定,轴外点光谱的光谱开关发生位置越远。本文的研究结果为多普勒激光雷达的应用提供理 论依据,PCRPLG脉冲光束本身具有较强抗湍流能力,且通过调控光束参数可以减小光束光谱移动。     

局扇电气控制线路的改进

分析了井下局扇风机烧毁的原因 ,提出了仅改动一根线 ,即可解决井下局扇风机因断相而烧损问题的方法。