A Dialectal Chinese Speech Recognition Framework

A framework for dialectal Chinese speech recognition is proposed and studied, in which a relatively small dialectal Chinese (or in other words Chinese influenced by the native dialect) speech corpus and dialect-related knowledge are adopted to transform a standard Chinese (or Putonghua, abbreviated as PTH) speech recognizer into a dialectal Chinese speech recognizer. Two kinds of knowledge sources are explored: one is expert knowledge and the other is a small dialectal Chinese corpus. These knowledge sources provide information at four levels: phonetic level, lexicon level, language level, and acoustic decoder level. This paper takes Wu dialectal Chinese (WDC) as an example target language. The goal is to establish a WDC speech recognizer from an existing PTH speech recognizer based on the Initial-Final structure of the Chinese language and a study of how dialectal Chinese speakers speak Putonghua. The authors propose to use context-independent PTH-IF mappings (where IF means either a Chinese Initial or a Chinese Final), context-independent WDC-IF mappings, and syllable-dependent WDC-IF mappings (obtained from either experts or data), and combine them with the supervised maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) acoustic model adaptation method. To reduce the size of the multi-pronunciation lexicon introduced by the IF mappings, which might also enlarge the lexicon confusion and hence lead to the performance degradation, a Multi-Pronunciation Expansion (MPE) method based on the accumulated uni-gram probability (AUP) is proposed. In addition, some commonly used WDC words are selected and added to the lexicon. Compared with the original PTH speech recognizer, the resulting WDC speech recognizer achieves 10-18% absolute Character Error Rate (CER) reduction when recognizing WDC, with only a 0.62% CER increase when recognizing PTH. The proposed framework and methods are expected to work not only for Wu dialectal Chinese but also for other dialectal Chinese languages and even other languages.     

Community discovery method with uncertainty measure of overlappingnodes based on topological potential

Community discovery of complex networks,esp.of social networks,has been a hotly debated topic in academic circles in recent years.Since actual networks usually contain some overlapping nodes that are d...     

Numerical analysis of magnetization AC losses in high-temperature superconducting slabs subjected to uniform strains

High-temperature superconductors in superconductor apparatuses are subjected to mechanical strains under operating conditions.These strains cause the degradation of the critical current densities and influence AC losses in the superconductors.Based on the dynamic process of thermomagnetic interaction,we report the results of numerical analysis of AC losses in an infinite high-temperature superconducting slab subjected to a uniform in-plane strain in an alternating external magnetic field parallel to the sample surface.The numerical analysis shows the details of electromagnetic phenomena in the slab and the dependences of AC loss on various external parameters including the uniform strain in the slab and the amplitude and frequency of the external magnetic field.In this paper,we find that whether the magnetic field fully penetrates the superconductor is the key factor that influences the features of AC loss.When the magnetic field cannot fully penetrate the superconductor,the loss rises with increasing strain or decreasing frequency.When the magnetic field can fully penetrate the superconductor,the feature is just opposite.We also analyze the effects of periodic strain on AC loss.It is interesting to find that when the periodic strain frequency equals the external magnetic field frequency,the AC loss reaches the maximum,regardless if the magnetic field fully penetrates the superconductor or not.     

制氢技术最近有了重要突破

据媒体报导，普渡大学的科学家们在氢制备工艺上日前有了重要突破。采用他们的方法可大量制备氢气，且成本低廉。传统的氢制备工艺有二：一是用钠硼氢化物在催化剂的作用下与水发生反应；二是采用在铝燃烧的同时与水反应生成氢气。这两种方法均有弊病：前者需使用价格昂贵的钉作催化剂：后者氢产量很小。普渡大学的科学家将上述2种方法结合起来。他们发明了一种被称为三重硼氢金属水混合物的物质。     

王文元：企业提升竞争力须从三方面创新入手

全国政协副主席王文元日前说，中国企业要增强自主创新能力与竞争力，必须从技术创新、人才工程创新、品牌创新三方面入手：     

氮氧化物气体污染物的控制和测定

本文主要叙述了各个领域对氮氧化物污染的控制以及相应的政策和法规。氮氧化物常用的检测分析方法,分析各个方法的检测原理、在实际使用中的优点和缺点以及使用注意事项。     

Determination of Plutonium Isotope Ratio of PuO2 Particles by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

The isotope ratio of plutonium in plutonium-bearing particles is essential information for identifying its origin. This is meaningful for nuclear safeguards and nuclear forensic. Plutonium isotope ratio ^239pu^240pu in plutonium dioxide particle was determined precisely by secondary ion mass spectrometry （SIMS） in this study.     

长达100米的第二代高温超导导线面世

据媒体报导，最近美国有3家公司宣布他们开发出了几种新技术，已将钇、钡、铜和氧(YBCO)第二代超导导线制成100m长。而几年前，最好的企业也只能制成1m长的第二代超导导线。更令人惊奇的是，有些第二代超导导线能承载第一代超导导线那样高的电流。研究人员已将较短超导导线的承载电流能力提高到1400A。他们开发出的导线制造技术，可望使第二代超导导线的成本，     

周济：要大力加强高校科技产业的规范化制度化建设

据悉，教育部部长周济不久前在全国高校利技产业工作会议上指出，作为高校科技成果转化和产业化的一种重要途径，不少高校创办和发展了一批科技企业，形成了独具中国特色的高校科技产业。从2000年至2004年，全国高校科技企业累计实现销售收入2829.80亿元，创造了166亿元的利润，向国家纳税132.68亿元，上缴学校39.84亿元，为国家经济建设和高等学校的发展作出了重要贡献。     

PHILIPS 87C552单片机在电冰箱模糊控制器中的应用

介绍了８７Ｃ５５２单片机控制的电冰箱模糊控制器系统的组成以及软件，硬件设计。该系统具有功能强，性能可靠等优点，尤其在故障诊断，抗干扰方面采取了有效措施。