无卤阻燃剂在聚合物阻燃中的应用研究进展

近几年来,无卤阻燃剂凭借其高效、低烟、低毒等特点,在阻燃领域的开发与应用受到越来越多的关注,已然成为阻燃高分子研究的重要发展方向。本文对近年来一些无卤阻燃剂在聚合物中的应用研究进展做了简要综述,并对其阻燃机理进行一定分析。最后,对聚合物阻燃剂的未来发展方向和趋势进行了展望。     

Synthesis of Hollow Three-Dimensional Channels LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 Microsphere by PEO Soft Template Assisted with Solvothermal Method

A appropriate size with three-dimension(3 D) channels for lithium diffusion plays an important role in constructing highperforming LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathode materials, as it can not only reduce the transport path of lithium ions and electrons, but also reduce the side effects and withstand the structural strain in the process of repetitive Li~+ intercalation/deintercalation. In this work, an e fficient method for designing the hollow LNMO microsphere with 3 D channels structure by using polyethylene oxide(PEO) as soft template agent assisted solvothermal method is proposed. Experimental results indicate that PEO can make the reagents mingle evenly and nucleate slowly in the solvothermal process, thus obtaining a homogeneous distribution of carbonate precursors. In the final LNMO products, the hollow 3 D channels structure obtained by the decomposition of PEO and carbonate precursor in the calcination can provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths during the charge/discharge process, which benefits to improve the cycling performance and rate capability. The LNMO prepared by adding 1 g PEO possesses the most outstanding electrochemical performance, which presented an excellent discharge capacity of 143.1 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C and with a capacity retention of 92.2% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The superior performance attributed to the 3 D channels structure of hollow microspheres, which provide uninterrupted conductive systems and therefore achieve the stable transfer for electron/ion.     

0–1膨胀几何分布的客观贝叶斯分析

在医疗卫生、金融证券等应用领域，经常会同时出现零观测值、一观测值较多的情况. 为更好地拟合这类数据，提出0–1膨胀几何分布模型并进行客观贝叶斯分析. 通过参数变换，得到Jeffreys先验和reference先验. 设计后验分布的抽样算法，设置不同的样本量和参数真值，采用数值模拟方法对不同客观先验下的估计效果进行评估.     

Eco-friendly and degradable red phosphorus nanoparticles for rapid microbial sterilization under visible light

Pathogens pose a serious challenge to environmental sanitation and a threat to public health.The frequent use of chemicals for sterilization in recent years has not only caused secondary damage to the environment but also increased pathogen resistance to drugs,which further threatens public health.To address this issue,the use of non-chemical antibacterial means has become a new trend for environmental disinfection.In this study,we developed red phosphorus nanoparticles(RPNPs),a safe and degradable photosensitive material with good photocatalytic and photothermal properties.The red phosphorus nanoparticles were prepared using a template method and ultrasonication.Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight for 20 min,the RPNPs exhibited an efficiency of 99.98%in killing Staphylococcus aureus due to their excellent photocatalytic and photothermal abilities.Transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that the RPNPs exhibited degradability within eight weeks.Both the RPNPs and their degradation products were nontoxic to fibroblast cells.Therefore,such RPNPs are expected to be used as a new type of low-cost,efficient,degradable,biocompatible,and eco-friendly photosensitive material for environmental disinfection.     

分子膜/混合有机酸复合解堵技术在姬塬油田欠注井的应用

针对姬塬油田欠注井现象日益严重、堵塞物类型复杂造成常规酸化无法同时解除多种堵塞等问题，从堵塞物分析和解堵机理入手，研究了一种适用性较广的分子膜/混合有机酸复合解堵体系，主要由混合有机酸、新型分子膜、解聚剂和助剂组成。实验结果表明，该复合解堵体系具有优良的解堵性能，对现场垢样的溶垢率普遍能达到80%以上，对聚合物的降黏率可达到90%以上，适用于深部解堵，且能够有效避免二次沉淀的产生。现场应用效果表明，分子膜/混合有机酸复合解堵技术能够有效降低注水压力，提高日注水量，适用于大部分欠注井的地层改造。     

基于1D CNN与XGBoost的恶意代码纹理检测

恶意代码数量已经呈现爆炸式增长,对于恶意代码的检测防护显得尤为重要.近几年,基于深度学习的恶意代码检测方法开始出现,基于此,提出一种新的检测方法,将恶意代码二进制文件转化为十进制数组,并利用一维卷积神经网络(1 Dimention Convolutional Neural Networks,1D CNN)对数组进行分类和识别.针对代码家族之间数量不平衡的现象,该算法选择在分类预测上表现良好的XGBoost,并对Vision Research Lab中的25个不同恶意软件家族的9458个恶意软件样本进行了实验.实验结果表明,所提的方法分类预测精度达到了97％.     

海上井喷抢险“三分支”引火筒结构设计

针对目前海上生产平台出现的井喷失控事故, 设计了“三分支”引火筒装置。在从源头控制井喷抢险作业时能够借助“烟囱效应”将流体/火焰引至上方，降低井口区温度，提高井喷抢险作业的安全性。“三分支”引火筒装置主要由引火筒、悬挂筒、主轴及悬挂装置、锁定及支撑装置组成。作业时可根据井口分布调整3个引火筒之间的角度和高度，配合钢丝绳和绞车进行井喷抢险作业。对各部分结构进行了阐述并且对结构强度及恶劣工况下的吊装进行了有限元分析。分析结果表明:装置强度满足要求；在200×104 m3/d气井井喷环境下最大等效应力为492 MPa，最大偏移量为348.02 mm，在6级风环境下最大等效应力为495 MPa，最大偏移量为353.12 mm，均满足抢险作业需求。研究结果可为生产平台井喷抢险引火筒研发提供参考。     

煤矸石粉/聚酯纤维沥青混合料盐冻损伤研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对煤矸石粉替代率50%、聚酯纤维掺量0.4%的沥青混合料,开展盐冻耦合作用(NaCl溶液质量分数为0%、7.0%、13.0%、26.5%,冻融循环次数为0、2、4、6、8)下的半圆弯曲(SCB)试验,分析了盐冻耦合作用对SCB试件内部损伤劣化过程的影响.结果表明:NaCl溶液质量分数为13.0%、冻融循环为8次时,盐冻耦合作用对沥青混合料的侵蚀破坏作用最强,试件内部损伤最严重;在煤矸石粉与矿粉质量比为1∶1、聚酯纤维掺量为0.4%的条件下,沥青混合料能够形成高黏性、致密、厚实的沥青膜以及由纤维形成的三维网状结构,从而显著降低盐冻侵蚀对沥青混合料的损伤.通过Poly2D模型对SCB试件的极限拉应力损伤量进行拟合,拟合系数为0.944.