Effective biased estimates for parameters of binomial distributions and allowance fora priori information

We obtain expressions for biased estimates for parameters of binomial distributions with allowance fora priori information; our starting poins is the Rao-Kramer inequality. Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 14–16, October, 1996.     

Services and applications: requirements and realizations in theUMTS era

The ACTS program is moving the results of the R&D of the parent RACE program nearer to realization through technology and user trials. Particularly in the mobile domain of ACTS, several projects have been investigating the user dimension in the context of the third-generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service. Results so far suggest many opportunities to broaden participation, exploit the inherent benefits of the mobile environment, and take advantage of the enormous improvements in wireless communications to realize the potential of global multimedia mobility. This article considers the needs of users for mobile multimedia applications and the consequences of those needs on the equipment, supporting services and teleservices, and communications bearers     

MRI of intramedullary sarcoidosis: follow-up of a case

Significative enhancement of free radical formation (FRO) in vivo is an important feature of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), namely preeclampsia (PIH). The latest investigations about the pathology of HDP, showed the contribution of placental circulation to the development and evolution of such disease. The placental bed can be a potential source of FRO or activation of cells that can produce FRO. Glutathione, is an important molecule for cellular protection against damage, is a cofactor of many enzymes, in particular, for the glutathione peroxidase of the placental tissue; this enzyme in the placenta bed prevent the production of thromboxan and lipoperoxides; the latter are potentially damaging to the endothelium cells and can cause vasoconstriction, the most important feature of PIH. The activity of that enzyme is deficient in PIH. We studied, by fluorometric assay, the concentrations of the two states of glutathione in placental homogenates (PLH) from pregnant women without pathology (PWN) and from pregnant women with PIH (PWPIH). The data showed significant low concentrations in the PLH of the two states of glutathione in the PWN against high concentrations of this molecule in the PLH from PWPIH. This feature can result from a deficient user of the glutathione by the cellular mechanism for prevention against oxidative factors. In addition, our study shows a biochemical marker that is suggestive that the placental bed is a potential source of FRO production in PIH.     

Impact of local-negative-feedback on the MRS avalanchephotodetector operation

Metal-Resistance-Semiconductor (MRS) photodetectors are characterized by a resistive layer placed in series to an avalanching region. In this paper, we report the characterization of such devices, we define a parameter extraction procedure, and we derive a quantitative model of the MRS operation. Due to the presence of the ohmic layer, the detector works as an ensemble of pixels with separately stabilized operating bias. In this way, compared to avalanche photodiodes (APDs), MRS achieve superior gain uniformity with the same sensitive area. However, there are still aspects of the fabrication technology and of the detector structure which have to be improved     

Analogue micropowered log-domain tone controller for auditoryprostheses

A micropower tone-control circuit comprising two first-order log-domain filters and a subtractor built with MOS transistors in weak inversion is described. The tone-controller is capable of providing bass cut/boost and treble cut operations. This circuit is being used in new designs of a conventional (acoustic) hearing-aid and cochlear implant     

Mixed incontinence: a new nursing diagnosis?

Consistent efforts to identify and clinically validate new nursing diagnosis within recognized categories are essential to taxonomy development. Mixed incontinence is a clinical condition resulting in leakage of urine associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure (stress) and inability to delay voiding (urge). The presence of mixed incontinence was clinically validated in two populations (n = 9, n = 40) of community-dwelling women and initial defining characteristics were identified. Research findings from both studies support the addition of a proposed sixth nursing diagnosis, mixed incontinence, to the diagnostic category, alteration in urinary elimination.     

Vibrating cylinder in a cylindrical duct filled with an incompressible fluid of low viscosity

Summary The dynamic interaction of an elastically supported rigid cylinder and a surrounding incompressible fluid in a coaxial cylindrical duct is studied. Attention is focussed on a fluid of low viscosity so that conventional approaches lead to uncertain results. Here a singular perturbation analysis is performed which overcomes the difficulties. As a quantitative result, the complex-valued eigenvalue of the vibrating body in the fluid is computed.     

An image processing IC for backprojection and spatial histogrammingin a pipelined array

The first VLSI digital signal processor that performs both high-precision image backprojection and spatial histogram calculations at raster-scan rates as high as 30 MHz is described. Realized in 1 μm CMOS technology, this 13.3 mm×13.3 mm chip is designed to handle images as large as 1024×1024 12 b pixels. Loadable coefficients and a unified architecture allow this IC to be used with a variety of computed-tomography scanners for image reconstructions, including fan- and parallel-beam reconstruction. This chip also computes the forward Radon transform, which is a spatial histogram, permitting it to be used for iterative reconstruction algorithms. The bit lengths in the fixed-point architecture assure 12 b reconstruction accuracy     

Mixing in processing of thermoplastics by extrusion

Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftyanoe Mashinostroenie, No. 8, pp. 9–11, August, 1993.     

How far is it to the nearest hospital? Calculating distances using the Statistics Canada Postal Code Conversion File

This report demonstrates how to calculate distances between points described in terms of latitude and longitude, using the Postal Code Conversion File (PCCF) and other files available from the Geography Division of Statistics Canada. Examples based on hospital data show how the results can be summarized in the form of tables, figures, or maps. Aerial distance to the nearest hospital is a crude but objective indicator of geographic accessibility to hospital services. Distances were calculated between enumeration area centroids for the population and blockface or enumeration area centroids for the hospitals. The median aerial distance to the nearest hospital facility in Canada was less than 3 km, while the mean distance was about 6 km. For teaching hospitals, the median aerial distance was a little less than 30 km, while the mean distance was a little more than 90 km. As most health files for administrative and research purposes contain postal codes, these techniques have potentially wide application.