全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3775篇 |
免费 | 213篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 34篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
化学工业 | 954篇 |
金属工艺 | 82篇 |
机械仪表 | 87篇 |
建筑科学 | 139篇 |
矿业工程 | 12篇 |
能源动力 | 132篇 |
轻工业 | 294篇 |
水利工程 | 31篇 |
石油天然气 | 9篇 |
无线电 | 281篇 |
一般工业技术 | 757篇 |
冶金工业 | 538篇 |
原子能技术 | 17篇 |
自动化技术 | 622篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 54篇 |
2022年 | 122篇 |
2021年 | 173篇 |
2020年 | 89篇 |
2019年 | 85篇 |
2018年 | 126篇 |
2017年 | 115篇 |
2016年 | 123篇 |
2015年 | 105篇 |
2014年 | 167篇 |
2013年 | 261篇 |
2012年 | 231篇 |
2011年 | 295篇 |
2010年 | 207篇 |
2009年 | 171篇 |
2008年 | 176篇 |
2007年 | 184篇 |
2006年 | 124篇 |
2005年 | 109篇 |
2004年 | 102篇 |
2003年 | 91篇 |
2002年 | 83篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 39篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 45篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 26篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有3991条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
PP Chen YK Weaver DL Budenz WJ Feuer RK Parrish 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,105(10):1928-1935
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of cataract extraction (CE) after trabeculectomy on intraocular pressure (IOP) control. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 115 consecutive patients who underwent extracapsular CE (N = 58) or phacoemulsification (N = 57) with intraocular lens (IOL) placement after trabeculectomy were studied. INTERVENTION: Cataract extraction with IOL after trabeculectomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were evaluated for association with loss of IOP control requiring additional medications, bleb needling, or further glaucoma surgery, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate proportional hazards survival regression. RESULTS: After mean postoperative follow-up of 21.1 +/- 14.3 months, additional glaucoma medication or needling of the filtering bleb to maintain IOP control was required in 35 eyes (30.4%) and was significantly associated with intraoperative iris manipulation and early postoperative peak IOP greater than 25 mmHg. Additional glaucoma surgery was eventually required in 11 eyes (9.6%) and was significantly associated with age of 50 years or younger, preoperative IOP greater than 10 mmHg, and early postoperative peak IOP greater than 25 mmHg. The cumulative proportion of patients who did not require reoperation for glaucoma was 93% and 90% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. The mean IOP at last visit had increased 1.6 mmHg above the pre-CE level and did not vary significantly after the first postoperative month. The median interval from CE to the addition of glaucoma medication or bleb needling was 1.6 months (within 3 months in 20 of 33 eyes) and that from nonsurgical intervention to further glaucoma surgery was 3.6 months (before the 7th postoperative month in 6 of 11 eyes). Of 19 eyes with hypotony (IOP < or = 6 mmHg) before CE, 11 eyes remained hypotonous after CE despite an increase in the mean IOP from 4.6 to 7.5 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: When CE is performed after trabeculectomy, age of 50 years or younger, preoperative IOP greater than 10 mmHg, intraoperative iris manipulation, and early postoperative IOP greater than 25 mmHg are associated with worsened postoperative IOP control. Most bleb failures occur soon after CE. Resolution of pre-existing hypotony after CE is unpredictable. 相似文献
32.
Alison E. Adam 《AI & Society》1990,4(3):232-241
There have been few attempts, so far, to document the history of artificial intelligence. It is argued that the historical sociology of scientific knowledge can provide a broad historiographical approach for the history of AI, particularly as it has proved fruitful within the history of science in recent years. The article shows how the sociology of knowledge can inform and enrich four types of project within the history of AI; organizational history; AI viewed as technology; AI viewed as cognitive science and historical biography. In the latter area the historical treatments of Darwin and Turing are compared to warn against the pitfalls of rational reconstructions of the past. 相似文献
33.
Adam Prout Joanne M. Atlee Nancy A. Day Pourya Shaker 《Software and Systems Modeling》2012,11(2):251-272
We are investigating semantically configurable model-driven engineering (MDE). The goal of this work is a modelling environment that supports flexible, configurable modelling
notations, in which specifiers can configure the semantics of notations to suit their needs and yet still have access to the
types of analysis tools and code generators normally associated with MDE. In this paper, we describe semantically configurable code generation for a family of behavioural modelling notations. The family includes variants of statecharts, process algebras, Petri Nets,
and SDL88. The semantics of this family is defined using template semantics, which is a parameterized structured operational semantics in which parameters represent semantic variation points. A specific notation is derived
by instantiating the family’s template semantics with parameter values that specify semantic choices. We have developed a
code-generator generator (CGG) that creates a suitable Java code generator for a subset of derivable modelling notations.
Our prototype CGG supports 26 semantics parameters, 89 parameter values, and 7 composition operators. As a result, we are
able to produce code generators for a sizable family of modelling notations, though at present the performance of our generated
code is about an order of magnitude slower than that produced by commercial-grade generators. 相似文献
34.
35.
J. D. Adam 《Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing》1985,4(1-2):301-316
Conclusion Significant improvements are required in the performance of MSW dispersive delay lines and filter banks before they are ready for systems application. Typically delay lines with bandwidths of 1 GHz or greater, differential delays in the range 200 ns to 1s, and minimum phase errors (<±1 °) are required for large (40 dB) dynamic range compressive receivers. However, techniques are evolving (see rest of this issue) in this relatively new area of technology which will allow systems performance requirements on phase errors to be met. Possible approaches to low phase error dispersive delay lines include reflective arrays, stepped ground planes, and multiple YIG films. The stepped ground plane technique is the most advanced and uses an optimization approach to the delay-line design, which results in a minimum phase error [20]. Ultimately the minimum achievable phase error will be limited by reflections from transducers and multiple mode effects in the delay lines. The MSW compressive receiver requires parallel advances in high-speed digital processing techniques to achieve its full potential.The MSW filter bank provides a simple channelization technique applicable up to approximately 20 GHz. Narrowband channels with 10 dB insertion loss, 3 dB bandwidths of 10 to 40 MHz, and 50 dB bandwidths of 30 to 120 MHz are possible with the already demonstrated techniques. Broader bandwidth channels in the range 50 to 200 MHz with flat passband response require improved transducer design techniques. The channelized receiver does not require extremely high-speed operations but, since a large number of channels are involved, size and cost become very significant. 相似文献
36.
Veronika Olejnickova Matej Kocka Alena Kvasilova Hana Kolesova Adam Dziacky Tom Gidor Lihi Gidor Barbora Sankova Martina Gregorovicova Robert G. Gourdie David Sedmera 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
The mammalian ventricular myocardium forms a functional syncytium due to flow of electrical current mediated in part by gap junctions localized within intercalated disks. The connexin (Cx) subunit of gap junctions have direct and indirect roles in conduction of electrical impulse from the cardiac pacemaker via the cardiac conduction system (CCS) to working myocytes. Cx43 is the dominant isoform in these channels. We have studied the distribution of Cx43 junctions between the CCS and working myocytes in a transgenic mouse model, which had the His-Purkinje portion of the CCS labeled with green fluorescence protein. The highest number of such connections was found in a region about one-third of ventricular length above the apex, and it correlated with the peak proportion of Purkinje fibers (PFs) to the ventricular myocardium. At this location, on the septal surface of the left ventricle, the insulated left bundle branch split into the uninsulated network of PFs that continued to the free wall anteriorly and posteriorly. The second peak of PF abundance was present in the ventricular apex. Epicardial activation maps correspondingly placed the site of the first activation in the apical region, while some hearts presented more highly located breakthrough sites. Taken together, these results increase our understanding of the physiological pattern of ventricular activation and its morphological underpinning through detailed CCS anatomy and distribution of its gap junctional coupling to the working myocardium. 相似文献
37.
Anita Romanowska Katarzyna Wgrzyn Katarzyna Bury Emilia Sikorska Aleksandra Gnatek Agnieszka Piwkowska Igor Konieczny Adam Lesner Magdalena Wysocka 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
The present study aimed to synthesize novel polycationic polymers composed of N-substituted L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid residues (DAPEGs) and investigate their cell permeability, cytotoxicity, and DNA-binding ability. The most efficient cell membrane-penetrating compounds (O2Oc-Dap(GO2)n-O2Oc-NH2, where n = 4, 6, and 8) showed dsDNA binding with a binding constant in the micromolar range (0.3, 3.4, and 0.19 µM, respectively) and were not cytotoxic to HB2 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Selected compounds used in the transfection of a GFP plasmid showed high transfection efficacy and minimal cytotoxicity. Their interaction with plasmid DNA and the increasing length of the main chain of tested compounds strongly influenced the organization and shape of the flower-like nanostructures formed, which were unique for 5/6-FAM-O2Oc-[Dap(GO2)]8-O2Oc-NH2 and typical for large proteins. 相似文献
38.
Dora Szabo Zsolt Sarszegi Beata Polgar Eva Saghy Adam Nemeth Dora Reglodi Andras Makkos Aniko Gorbe Zsuzsanna Helyes Peter Ferdinandy Robert Herczeg Attila Gyenesei Attila Cziraki Andrea Tamas 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a cardioprotective neuropeptide expressing its receptors in the cardiovascular system. The aim of our study was to examine tissue PACAP-38 in a translational porcine MI model and plasma PACAP-38 levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Significantly lower PACAP-38 levels were detected in the non-ischemic region of the left ventricle (LV) in MI heart compared to the ischemic region of MI-LV and also to the Sham-operated LV in porcine MI model. In STEMI patients, plasma PACAP-38 level was significantly higher before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to controls, and decreased after PCI. Significant negative correlation was found between plasma PACAP-38 and troponin levels. Furthermore, a significant effect was revealed between plasma PACAP-38, hypertension and HbA1c levels. This was the first study showing significant changes in cardiac tissue PACAP levels in a porcine MI model and plasma PACAP levels in STEMI patients. These results suggest that PACAP, due to its cardioprotective effects, may play a regulatory role in MI and could be a potential biomarker or drug target in MI. 相似文献
39.
Patricia A. Miguez Stephen A. Tuin Adam G. Robinson Joyce Belcher Prapaporn Jongwattanapisan Kimberly Perley Vinicius de Paiva Gon«alves Arash Hanifi Nancy Pleshko Elisabeth R. Barton 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
This study evaluated the direct effect of a phytochemical, hesperidin, on pre-osteoblast cell function as well as osteogenesis and collagen matrix quality, as there is little known about hesperidin’s influence in mineralized tissue formation and regeneration. Hesperidin was added to a culture of MC3T3-E1 cells at various concentrations. Cell proliferation, viability, osteogenic gene expression and deposited collagen matrix analyses were performed. Treatment with hesperidin showed significant upregulation of osteogenic markers, particularly with lower doses. Mature and compact collagen fibrils in hesperidin-treated cultures were observed by picrosirius red staining (PSR), although a thinner matrix layer was present for the higher dose of hesperidin compared to osteogenic media alone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated a better mineral-to-matrix ratio and matrix distribution in cultures exposed to hesperidin and confirmed less collagen deposited with the 100-µM dose of hesperidin. In vivo, hesperidin combined with a suboptimal dose of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) (dose unable to promote healing of a rat mandible critical-sized bone defect) in a collagenous scaffold promoted a well-controlled (not ectopic) pattern of bone formation as compared to a large dose of BMP2 (previously defined as optimal in healing the critical-sized defect, although of ectopic nature). PSR staining of newly formed bone demonstrated that hesperidin can promote maturation of bone organic matrix. Our findings show, for the first time, that hesperidin has a modulatory role in mineralized tissue formation via not only osteoblast cell differentiation but also matrix organization and matrix-to-mineral ratio and could be a potential adjunct in regenerative bone therapies. 相似文献
40.
Joanna Czajkowska Adam Junka Jakub Hoppe Monika Toporkiewicz Andrzej Pawlak Pawe Migda Monika Oleksy-Wawrzyniak Karol Fijakowski Marcin
miglak Agata Markowska-Szczupak 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent pathogens associated with several types of biofilm-based infections, including infections of chronic wounds. Mature staphylococcal biofilm is extremely hard to eradicate from a wound and displays a high tendency to induce recurring infections. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate in vitro the interaction between S. aureus biofilm and fibroblast cells searching for metabolites that could be considered as potential biomarkers of critical colonization and infection. Utilizing advanced microscopy and microbiological methods to examine biofilm formation and the staphylococcal infection process, we were able to distinguish 4 phases of biofilm development. The analysis of staphylococcal biofilm influence on the viability of fibroblasts allowed us to pinpoint the moment of critical colonization—12 h post contamination. Based on the obtained model we performed a metabolomics analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy to provide new insights into the pathophysiology of infection. We identified a set of metabolites related to the switch to anaerobic metabolism that was characteristic for staphylococcal biofilm co-cultured with fibroblast cells. The data presented in this study may be thus considered a noteworthy but preliminary step in the direction of developing a new, NMR-based tool for rapid diagnosing of infection in a chronic wound. 相似文献