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151.
152.
153.
In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for unconstrained
handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses the Kohonen self-organizing neural network for data classification in
the first stage and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) model in the second stage to improve classification accuracy. The
combined architecture performs better than the Kohonen self-organizing map alone. In the proposed approach, the collection
of centroids at different phases of training plays a vital role in the performance of the recognition system. Four experiments
have been conducted and experimental results show that the collection of centroids in the middle of the training gives high
performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The systems developed also resolve the confusion between handwritten numerals. 相似文献
154.
Development of nano indium tin oxide (ITO) grains by alkaline hydrolysis of In(III) and Sn(IV) salts
Indium tin oxide (ITO) nano powders of different compositions (In: Sn = 90: 10, 70: 30 and 50: 50) were prepared by heat treatment
(300-450°C) of mixed hydroxides of In(III) and Sn(IV). The hydroxides were obtained by the reaction of aq. NH3 with mixed aq. solutions of In(NO3)3 and SnCl4. FTIR and TG/DTA studies revealed that powders existed as In(OH)3H2O—SnO3H2H2O in the solid state and then they transformed to In2O3—SnO2 via some metastable intermediates after 300°C. Cubic phase of In2O3 was identified by XRD for the oxides up to 30% of Sn. Particle size measurements of the solid dispersed in acetone and SEM
study for microstructure showed that the oxides were in the nano range (55-75 nm) whereas the size range determined from Debye-Scherrer
equation were 11–24 nm. 相似文献
155.
In this paper we develop and compare several heuristic methods for solving the general two-dimensional cutting stock problem.
We follow the Gilmore-Gomory column generation scheme in which at each iteration a new cutting pattern is obtained as the
solution of a subproblem on one stock sheet. For solving this subproblem, in addition to classical dynamic programming, we
have developed three heuristic procedures of increasing complexity, based on GRASP and Tabu Search techniques, producing solutions
differing in quality and in time requirements. In order to obtain integer solutions from the fractional solutions of the Gilmore-Gomory
process, we compare three rounding procedures, rounding up, truncated branch and bound and the solution of a residual problem.
We have coded and tested all the combinations of algorithms and rounding procedures. The computational results obtained on
a set of randomly generated test problems show their relative efficiency and allow the potential user to choose from among
them, according to the available computing time.
Rceived: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: December 10, 2001 相似文献
156.
Adnan Ibrahimbegovi Franois Frey 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》1994,37(21):3659-3683
A consistent formulation of the geometrically linear shell theory with drilling rotations is obtained by the consistent linearization of the geometrically non-linear shell theory considered in Parts I and II of this work. It was also shown that the same formulation can be recovered by linearizing the governing variational principle for the three-dimensional geometrically non-linear continuum with independent rotation field. In the finite element implementation of the presented shell theory, relying on the modified method of incompatible modes, we were able to construct a four-node shell element which delivers a very high-level performance. In order to simplify finite element implementation, a shallow reference configuration is assumed over each shell finite element. This approach does not impair the element performance for the present four-node element. The results obtained herein match those obtained with the state-of-the-art implementations based on the classical shell theory, over the complete set of standard benchmark problems. 相似文献
157.
L. Pamela Cook Emeka Nwankwo Gilberto Schleiniger Bryan Wood 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》2003,45(3-4):269-282
A general formulation for capillary flow of two miscible fluids – one a dilute plug of polymer fluid inserted into a fully developed Poiseuille flow of the other, a Newtonian stream – is examined for its long time behavior. Phenomenologically, the system evolves from an initial state, that of a plug within the boundaries of sharp, well defined fronts inside a Newtonian stream, to a more homogenized state in the very long time scale. This problem was addressed by G.I. Taylor but with regard to a system of two Newtonian fluids, leading to the well-known results commonly described as `Taylor axial dispersion'. In this paper, a general and systematic perturbation analysis is presented from which Taylor's result is recovered as a special case of a more general solution which applies to fluids incorporating elastic properties. In particular, the influence of viscoelasticity and (polymer) diffusivity on the observed pressure profile in the capillary conduit is examined. This effect is clearly separated out for small Peclet number flows using asymptotic and numerical analysis. The results identify the influence of fluid viscosity, elasticity, and diffusivity on the observed pressure profile and form the basis for the improved characterization of polymeric elasticity using capillaries – a finding that is of significant scientific and commercial interest. These results were obtained by the authors as a class of observations resulting from the perturbation analysis of forced-flow capillary devices in viscoelastic fluid property investigation. 相似文献
158.
Frantz Rowe 《欧洲信息系统杂志》2006,15(3):244-248
159.
Fretting fatigue is one of the most important phenomena for inducing a significant reduction of fatigue strength and consequently,
leading to unexpected failure accidents of the engineering structures even at very low stresses. In the present study, both
plain and fretting fatigue tests with zero mean stress were carried out on two different types of steel, low-carbon steel
and martensitic stainless steel, by means of a reversed bending fatigue testing machine. The drop in the fatigue strengths
through fretting at vise clamp-specimen interface were significant for both tested steels. The fretting processes produced
a reduction in fatigue strength of about 27% for low-carbon steel and 16% for martensitic stainless steel. 相似文献
160.