The proactivity of Perceptron derived algorithms in malware detection

As the number and impact of online threats increases exponentially, the automatic classification of malware becomes increasingly important in the antivirus business. The heavy use of machine learning in this field raises the following question: ??How much will a trained machine-learning model resist in time against the ever-changing malware binary code??? In this paper we present a study of proactivity in malware detection using Perceptron derived algorithms. We gathered an industrial quantity of both malicious and benign files, then we trained a series of classifiers on nine months?? worth of data and discuss the behavior of the obtained models tested on the next fourteen weeks. We conclude with the result analysis and recommendations for the practical use of this technique in real life scenarios.     

Spectroscopic characterization of energy transfer and thermal conditions of the flame kernel in a spark ignition engine fueled with methane and hydrogen

In the context of stringent exhaust gas emission regulations and requirements of increased efficiency, spark ignition (SI) engine research is looking at ever more detailed approaches, that cover a large number of processes. Ignition is one of the determining factors for repeatable combustion and its study is associated with extensive difficulties due to the turbulent nature of fluid motion. In order to provide data on the energy transfer and thermal conditions of the flame kernel in its initial stages, vibrational and rotational temperatures were evaluated using UV emission spectra detected in a SI engine. Stoichiometric operation with methane and hydrogen–methane blends was employed, so as to identify any influence of the fuel's molecular structure on these processes. The consolidated methodology for temperature estimation using the ratio between the emission bands of CN and OH, was implemented considering the effects of collisional broadening. Vibrational temperatures evaluation showed and evolution from 8000 K to 4000 K during the arc and glow phase specific for SI. The evolution of CN emission intensity confirmed its formation only in the initial stages of ignition, for which kernel temperature is high enough. Simulations of chemical equilibrium showed that the evaluation of temperatures based on spectroscopic measurements is in line with the decreasing trend correlated with the electrical current evolution, measured in the secondary circuit.     

Nonverbal behavior of interviewers influences the competence ratings of observers in recruitment interviews: a study investigating social influence using 360-degree videos with virtual reality and 2D screen displays

Virtual Reality - This study examined whether an interviewer’s nonverbal behavior influences observers’ competence ratings in a recruitment interview using 360-degree videos experienced...     

Raman Micro‐Spectroscopy of Polytype and Structural Changes in 6H‐Silicon Carbide due to Machining

SiC is an important structural ceramic with many polytypes that differ by the stacking of their crystal planes. Machining mechanically deforms the structure giving stacking faults and different polytypes. This can lead to inferior performance and an increased risk of failure. Raman micro‐spectroscopy with different wavelengths, in confocal and normal settings, was used to quantify machining damage. Changes in the ratio of characteristic peaks, peak intensities versus peak positions, and additional Raman peaks were found. These are due to statistical increases in stacking faults and new phases (4H and 3C). The damage is found to extend several micrometer subsurfaces.     

Constructal design of salt‐gradient solar pond fields

Salt‐gradient solar ponds (SGSPs) are water bodies that capture and accumulate large amounts of solar energy. The design of an SGSP field has never been analyzed in terms of studying the optimal number of solar ponds that must be built to maximize the useful energy that can be collected in the field, or the most convenient way to connect the ponds. In this paper, we use constructal design to find the optimal configuration of an SGSP field. A steady‐state thermal model was constructed to estimate the energy collected by each SGSP, and then a complementary model was developed to determine the final temperature of a defined mass flow rate of a fluid that will be heated by heat exchangers connected to the solar ponds. By applying constructal design, four configurations for the SGSP field, with different surface area distribution, were evaluated: series, parallel, mixed series‐parallel and tree‐shaped configurations. For the study site of this investigation, it was found that the optimal SGSP field consists of 30 solar ponds of increasing surface area connected in series. This SGSP field increases the final temperature of the fluid to be heated in 22.9%, compared to that obtained in a single SGSP. The results of this study show that is possible to use constructal theory to further optimize the heat transfer of an SGSP field. Experimental results of these configurations would be useful in future works to validate the methodology proposed in this study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationship between Surface Roughness,Internal Crystal Perfection,and Crystal Growth Rate

Potential mechanisms affecting growth rate dispersion (GRD) are investigated. Previous studies have identified surface roughness and internal lattice perfection as key mechanisms which are both evaluated with respect to GRD. Crystal growth of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was studied in two solvent mixtures, water and water‐ethanol. The surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy and the internal crystal perfection by X‐ray diffraction using a synchrotron source. The crystals grown at higher supersaturation have more pronounced and more frequent surface irregularities, supporting previous findings on a feedback mechanism between surface roughness and growth rate. No significant relationship was found between internal crystal perfection and growth rate, however, this is likely due to the size of the crystals analyzed herein and not the absence of any such mechanism in small crystals.     

A cohesive premixed monetite biocement

Sodium alginate was successfully utilized to improve cohesion and limit particulate debris of a premixed calcium phosphate cement (pCPC) that following the exchange of water set to form monetite. Modified pastes using glycerol and 2 wt% alginate exhibited initial and final setting times of 60 ± 9 and 1355 ± 105 minutes, respectively. Despite these setting times being significantly longer than clinically recommended the improved washout resistance of this formulation would allow for wound closure during setting. Set monetite pastes exhibited a maximum compressive strength of 8.6 ± 3.5 MPa with a corresponding porosity of 59% compared to 15.6 ± 5.8 MPa and 25% for the unmodified aqueous brushite cement. Storage of the pCPC paste at 4°C for 14 days was shown to significantly (P<0.05) increase the compressive strength of the harden matrix (13.2 ± 1.5 MPa), however, subsequent deterioration was observed after 90 days storage. Methylene blue was utilized to visualize perfusion into the matrix during setting, demonstrating that the use of glycerol altered mass transport and ultimately shifted the crystallization kinetics in favor of monetite. Samples >20 mm did not reach full saturation after 10 days of immersion, which for the first time suggests an upper volume limit that will form a homogeneous cement highlighting an important consideration for clinical translation of pCPCs.     

Short-term scheduling of an open-pit mine with multiple objectives

This article presents a novel algorithm for the generation of multiple short-term production schedules for an open-pit mine, in which several objectives, of varying priority, characterize the quality of each solution. A short-term schedule selects regions of a mine site, known as ‘blocks’, to be extracted in each week of a planning horizon (typically spanning 13 weeks). Existing tools for constructing these schedules use greedy heuristics, with little optimization. To construct a single schedule in which infrastructure is sufficiently utilized, with production grades consistently close to a desired target, a planner must often run these heuristics many times, adjusting parameters after each iteration. A planner's intuition and experience can evaluate the relative quality and mineability of different schedules in a way that is difficult to automate. Of interest to a short-term planner is the generation of multiple schedules, extracting available ore and waste in varying sequences, which can then be manually compared. This article presents a tool in which multiple, diverse, short-term schedules are constructed, meeting a range of common objectives without the need for iterative parameter adjustment.