Comments on computer investigations of micrographs of metal films near their continuity threshold

We describe and demonstrate a method of digitizing micrographs and a computer analysis method for a quantitative study of thin film morphologies.     

The effect of dietary starch on the digestion by sheep of cell wall monosaccharide residues in maize silage

The digestibility of individual cell wall monosaccharide residues from maize silage (MS) and from maize silage + concentrate (MS+con) diets, was examined in sheep equipped with rumen and duodenal cannulas. Dry matter digestibility was 73.8 and 86.6% in the MS and MS+con treatments, respectively. The overall digestibility of cell walls (CW) and CW monosaccharide residues was not depressed in the MS+con treatment. The values for total CW, CW glucose, CW uronic acid and for total xylose were 68.3, 77.0, 71.6 and 65.2 for MS and 69.4, 80.3, 75.3 and 63.7 for MS+con, respectively. However, the digestion of CW and CW monosaccharide residues in the rumen of the MS+con sheep was reduced and the contribution of the lower tract to the digestion of the potentially digestible CW-sugar residues was in the range of 15 to 20%. Digestibility of the soluble uronic acid was adversely affected by the concentrate, its digestibility being reduced from 88.6% in the MS to 68.7% in the MS+con treatment. Based on compositional considerations, it is envisaged that the CW structural unit of the ensiled maize plant is made of cellulose fibres enveloped by a thin, poorly lignified and penetrable matrix. The degree of branching of the matrix polysaccharides is low compared with other forage plants. It is suggested that the above mentioned properties significantly contribute to the high quality of the ensiled maize plant.     

The Relationship between Chemical Flexibility and Nanoscale Charge Collection in Hybrid Halide Perovskites

Hybrid organometal halide perovskites are known for their excellent optoelectronic functionality as well as their wide‐ranging chemical flexibility. The composition of hybrid perovskite devices has trended toward increasing complexity as fine‐tuned properties are pursued, including multielement mixing on the constituents A and B and halide sites. However, this tunability presents potential challenges for charge extraction in functional devices. Poor consistency and repeatability between devices may arise due to variations in composition and microstructure. Within a single device, spatial heterogeneity in composition and phase segregation may limit the device from achieving its performance potential. This review details how the nanoscale elemental distribution and charge collection in hybrid perovskite materials evolve as chemical complexity increases, highlighting recent results using nondestructive operando synchrotron‐based X‐ray nanoprobe techniques. The results reveal a strong link between local chemistry and charge collection that must be controlled to develop robust, high‐performance hybrid perovskite materials for optoelectronic devices.     

单分散Ni球制备及Ni／NiO的磁性研究

使用微波辅助Poly方法制备了直径范围在100nm～180nm单分散的Ni球，用磁力显微镜（MFM）测其磁结构。进一步对Ni球表面氧化获得了高度球化的NicoreNiOshell结构，采用XRD，TEM，XPS和EDAX对其进行了测量分析，并用VSM和SQUID进一步讨论了铁磁／反铁磁的界面耦合效应。同时，估算了磁性交换偏置耦合场与颗粒尺寸的关系。     

The use of acetylene glow discharge for improving adhesive bonding of polymeric films

Coating of polyethylene (PE), poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films with flow discharge-polymerized acetylene was investigated. The influence of glow discharge experimental conditions on the nature of the coated layer, the films' wettability, surface roughness, and adhesive joint strength was determined. It was found that coating of these films with plasma-polymerized acetylene led to the formation of a rough, crosslinked, irremovable layer with an improved wettability. The presence of the plasma-polymerized acetylene on the film surface lead to a large improvement in the adhesive joint strength of these films with epoxy adhesive. Best results were obtained with films coated at a low acetylene flow rate. Increase in glow discharge power and treatment time lead to a further improvement.     

Potentiometric Microdetermination of Boron in Industrial Brines and in Concentrated Salt Solutions

As little as 0.1 mg boron (1 mg/liter) may be determined in salt solutions containing as much as 400 g/liter MgCl₂, MgBr₂, NaCl, KCl and CaCl₂ or in analytical reagent grade salts with an accuracy of 2% relative. The lower monovalent alcohols do not interfere. The two equivalent points, the gap between them and the role of ionic strength are discussed.     

Scheme for a spin-based quantum computer employing induction detection and imaging

A theoretical spin-based scheme for performing a variety of quantum computations is presented. It makes use of an array of multiple identical “computer” vectors of phosphorus-doped silicon where the nuclei serve as logical qubits and the electrons as working qubits. The spins are addressed by a combination of electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques operating at a field of $\sim $ 3.3 T and cryogenic temperatures with an ultra-sensitive surface microresonator. Spin initialization is invoked by a combination of strong pre-polarization fields and laser pulses, which shortens the electrons’ $T_{1}$ . The set of universal quantum gates for this system includes an arbitrary rotation of single qubits and c-NOT operation in two qubits. The efficient parallel readout of all the spins in the system is performed by high sensitivity induction detection of the electron spin resonance signals with one-dimensional imaging. Details of the suggested scheme are provided, which show that it is scalable to a few hundreds of qubits.