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41.
Ting Gang Zhu Uttiya Chowdhury Michael M. Wong Jonathan C. Denyszyn Russell D. Dupuis 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2002,31(5):406-410
In this paper, we report the study of the electrical characteristics of GaN and AlGaN vertical p-i-n junctions and Schottky
rectifiers grown on both sapphire and SiC substrates by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. For GaN p-i-n rectifiers
grown on SiC with a relatively thin “i” region of 2 μm, a breakdown voltage over 400 V, and forward voltage as low as 4.5
V at 100 A/cm2 are exhibited for a 60-μm-diameter device. A GaN Schottky diode with a 2-μm-thick undoped layer exhibits a blocking voltage
in excess of ∼230 V at a reverse-leakage current density below 1 mA/cm2, and a forward-voltage drop of 3.5 V at a current density of 100 A/cm2. It has been found that with the same device structure and process approach, the leakage current of a device grown on a SiC
substrate is much lower than a device grown on a sapphire substrate. The use of Mg ion implantation for p-guard rings as planar-edge
terminations in mesageometry GaN Schottky rectifiers has also been studied. 相似文献
42.
Characteristic power-law dependence of junction conductance on temperature was confirmed at low temperatures fora,b-axis oriented Au/PrBa2Cu3O7−x /YBa2Cu3O7−y junctions with a PrBa2Cu3O7−x layer thinner than 30 nm, indicating that current transport via a small number of localized states was predominant. The radius
and the density of the localized states were estimated to be 1.1 nm and 5.0x1019 eV−1 cm−3, respectively. Transport measurement at 1.7 K in a magnetic field of up to 6 T revealed no indication of on-site Coulomb
repulsion of electrons in the localized states. These results support the possibility of resonant tunneling of Cooper pairs
in superconductor-insulator-superconductor junctions with a thin PrBa2Cu3O7−x tunnel barrier. 相似文献
43.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two methods of assessing the productivity and quality impact of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and Fourth Generation Language (4GL) technologies: (1) by the retrospective method; and (2) the cross-sectional method. Both methods involve the use of questionnaire surveys. Developers' perceptions depend on the context in which they are expressed and this includes expectations about the effectiveness of a given software product. Consequently, it is generally not reliable to base inferences about the relative merits of CASE and 4GLs on a cross-sectional comparison of two separate samples of users. The retrospective method that requires each respondent to directly compare different products is shown to be more reliable. However, there may be scope to employ cross-sectional comparisons of the findings from different samples where both sets of respondents use the same reference point for their judgements, and where numerical rather than verbal rating scales are used to measure perceptions. 相似文献
44.
Jan van Eijck 《Formal Aspects of Computing》1994,6(1):766-787
Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition. 相似文献
45.
46.
Effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT on an experimental liver metastasis model were compared at equi-effective dosage levels against subcutaneous tumor of mouse colon 26. 5-FU at the dosage level of 40 mg/kg suppressed the subcutaneous tumor growth by 70.0% and 45.0% on day 13 and day 18, respectively, and UFT at 20 mg/kg provided almost equal suppression (63.0% and 48.0%). In the liver metastasis model, 5-FU at 40 mg/kg showed more potent prevention of the formation of metastatic foci (94.9%) than did UFT (60.4%) at 20 mg/kg. 5-FU at 40 mg/kg produced a much higher peak serum level of 5-FU than did UFT at 20 mg/kg and also showed a much higher AUC (area under the curve) level in the portal blood. These results suggest that oral administration of 5-FU might be useful in prevention of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. 相似文献
47.
T Murate K Yamashita H Ohashi Y Kagami K Tsushita T Kinoshita T Hotta H Saito S Yoshida KJ Mori 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,21(1):169-176
The erythroid-potentiating activity (EPA) of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) was re-examined using ELM-I-1-3, a mouse erythroleukemia cell line, which responded well to erythropoietin. Depletion of pre-existing TIMP-1 from fetal calf serum in culture medium using monoclonal antibody suppressed erythropoietin-induced differentiation as measured by the induction of hemoglobin, commitment assay and globin mRNAs. The removal of TIMP-1 also suppressed the proliferation of ELM-I-1-3 as measured by cell number and de novo DNA synthesis. These changes were reversed by the addition of purified TIMP-1 to the culture medium. Anti-TIMP-1 antibody also blocked both hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA)-induced erythroid differentiation and the proliferation of both ELM-I-1-3 and Friend erythroleukemia cells. Considering previous reports analyzing the chemical induction of Friend mouse erythroleukemia cell differentiation, our results suggest that erythropoietin- or HMBA-induced erythroid differentiation might also be coupled with cell proliferation. Our 3H thymidine-uptake experiment shows that TIMP-1 removal was also effective in the inhibition of cell growth of various other cell lines in addition to erythroleukemia cell lines. These results suggest that EPA action of TIMP-1 on erythroid leukemia cell lines is closely related to its activity to promote the cell growth of various cell lines and cells including erythroleukemia cell lines. 相似文献
48.
Y Furuya Y Yoshida T Katayama S Yamamoto A Kawamura 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,31(6):1637-1640
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with nested primer pairs was used to diagnose scrub typhus and identify the Rickettsia tsutsugamushi serotype. The primer pairs used for PCR were designed on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene that encodes the 56-kDa antigen. Serotype-specific primers were used in the second PCR amplification. Five serovariants, the Gilliam, Karp, Kato, Kawasaki, and Kuroki strains of R. tsutsugamushi, were identified by nested PCR. In addition, the serotype identified by PCR with DNA from blood clots was the same as that of the strain isolated from five patients with scrub typhus. These findings indicate that this method is useful for diagnosis and identification of the rickettsial serotype in infected patients. 相似文献
49.
Shizuo Arichi Noriyuki Sakamoto Shozo Himuro Mayumi Miki Masafumi Yoshida 《Polymer》1985,26(8):1175-1180
In order to obtain the additional data concerning the unperturbed dimension of poly-4-substituted styrene, light scattering measurements are performed on the twenty-two fractions with molecular weight of (0.91–352)·104 of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) in dioxan at 25°C, from which the molecular weight obtained was found easily to be evaluated with the gel permeation chromatography using THF. Phase separation experiments for this polymer indicate that the theta state is attained in isopropyl acetate at 19.7°C and butyl acetate at 26.8°C. By making viscosity measurements at that state, the value of KΘ is directly evaluated as 5.4·10?4 dl g?1. The limiting viscosity number is also obtained in good solvents, THF and dioxan, at 25°C and constants of the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation in each solvent are determined. Further, approximately the same KΘ as above is obtained from these data with the Stockmayer-Fixman plot. The calculated value of steric factor, 2.37, on this polymer may be plausible, compared with those of polyvinylaromatic derivatives. 相似文献
50.
Certain new sulfide-smelting processes and coal-gasification processes generate high-strength sulfur dioxide streams, for
which a new process for converting sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur needs to be developed because no process exists that
is generally and economically applicable to the treatment of such streams. A thermodynamic and experimental investigation
to develop a new process for converting sulfur dioxide to elemental sulfur by a cyclic process involving calcium sulfide and
calcium sulfate without generating secondary pollutants was carried out. In this process, the starting raw material, calcium
sulfate, is reduced by a suitable reducing agent, such as hydrogen, to produce calcium sulfide, which is used to reduce sulfur
dioxide to elemental sulfur vapor and calcium sulfate. The latter is, in turn, reduced to regenerate calcium sulfide. In this
Part I, detailed experimental results are presented on the kinetics of the reaction between sulfur dioxide and calcium-sulfide
pellets, which produces elemental sulfur and calcium sulfate. The experiments were carried out at temperatures between 1023
and 1088 K and sulfur-dioxide partial pressures between 9 and 60 kPa by the use of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique.
The rate of this reaction was demonstrated by the conversion of 40 pct calcium-sulfide pellets obtained from the hydrogen
reduction of fresh calcium sulfate in 10 minutes at 1073 K under a sulfur-dioxide partial pressure of 43 kPa. The reactivity
decreased somewhat during the first three cycles but remained largely unchanged thereafter up to the tenth cycle. This characteristic
of the pellets is important because the solids must be reusable for repeated cycles to avoid generating secondary pollutants.
A pore-blocking model was found to fit the reaction rate. The reaction is first order with respect to sulfur-dioxide partial
pressure and has an activation energy of 101 to 134 kJ/mol (24 to 32 kcal/mol) for calcium-sulfide pellets reacted and regenerated
several different times. Sulfur dioxide-containing streams from certain sources, such as the regenerator off-gas from an integrated-gasification,
combined-cycle, desulfurization unit and new sulfide-smelting plants, contain much higher partial pressures of SO2. In these cases, the rate of the first reaction is expected to be proportionally higher than in the test conditions reported
in this article. The reduction kinetics of calcium-sulfate pellets with hydrogen gas is reported in the accompanying Part
II. 相似文献