采用有限元分析法量化不同中空玻璃边缘密封的热位移

间隔条和玻璃板片之间的相对热位移是中空玻璃边缘密封乃至中空玻璃(IGU)本身老化的主要原因之一.作者采用有限元分析法(FEA),建立了发生在大尺寸(1.5 m×2.1 m)的中空玻璃边缘密封的热位移与温差变化之间的模型,这是三种商业化的、不同材质的、不同设计的间隔条,在温度变化为-30～ 60℃范围内的模型.此模型是基于铝间隔条和镀锌钢间隔条与尼龙插角的搭配,不锈钢间隔条和弯曲插角的搭配.尼龙插角假定为实心的并稳固地固定于间隔条上;弯曲插角被建模成实心弯曲的金属插角,并同样稳固地固定于间隔条上.由于实际的弯曲插角是空心的,模型可能高估了这种转角设计的应力.正如预期那样,在低温时,插角会被向内拉,导致弯曲角度大于90°;在高温下,插角会被向外推,导致弯曲角度小于90°.通过检测发生在中空玻璃周边第一道密封的聚异丁烯密封胶厚度的变化,作者发现,到目前为止,不锈钢间隔条对于截面积的变化影响最小;铝制间隔条的影响最大.这个发现与基于间隔条材料与浮法玻璃之间热膨胀系数差异而预期的性能一致.因此,热位移引起的第一道密封的有效扩散横截面变化,可以解释为何具有不同间隔条材料的中空玻璃之间的性能差异.     

Influence of Pt Loading on Al2O3 for the Low Temperature Combustion of Methanol with and Without a Trace Amount of Ammonia

Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts with platinum contents of 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 wt% were used for the low temperature combustion of methanol in the absence and the respective presence of a trace amount of ammonia. It is observed that ammonia inhibits the combustion of methanol, which is due to competition between methanol and ammonia for the same sites. For a fixed space velocity and without ammonia in the gas, the performances of the catalysts increase up to a Pt loading of 1.0 wt%. In the presence of ammonia, however, no upper limit of performance is observed with increased Pt content. The results are discussed in terms of both Pt–support interface and the Pt surface being active.     

Rheological properties of hyperbranched polymer/poly(ethylene terephthalate) reactive blends

The rheological properties in solution, in shear and in uniaxial elongation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) reacted together with hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) were investigated. Two different PET grades, of low and high molecular weights, were compounded with sub‐ to over‐stoichiometric concentrations of HBPs of second and fourth pseudo‐generation, and subsequently subjected to a solid‐state polycondensation (SSP). The formation of microgels, which occurs at high HBP concentration, gave rise to a large increase in melt elasticity and a related decrease in melt strength. At low HBP concentrations, the complex viscosity of the unreacted HBP/PET was considerably reduced, thus demonstrating a lubrication effect of the HBP molecules. During SSP, the intrinsic and shear viscosities exhibited a gradual increase, which was similar for both PET and HBP/PET blends, and was correlated to an increase in molecular weight, through linear‐chain extension and branching reactions. The elongational viscosity of the reactive blends was also increased as a function of reaction time, and this increase was much larger in the case of the HBP/PET blends. A 400% increase in melt strength of the PET was obtained by combining SSP and trace amounts of an HBP of second generation, without any decrease in drawability.     

Measurement of Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Shear Stress at Elevated Temperatures

An apparatus for measurement of the fiber/matrix interfacial shear stress at temperatures up to 1100° is described. Equipment was used to measure interfacial properties as a function of temperature in two ceramic-matrix composites and one metal-matrix composite. In the composites where the thermal expansion of the matrix was higher than that of the fiber, the interfacial shear stress decreased with temperature. The opposite trend was observed in a system with low matrix thermal expansion. The change of the interfacial shear stress with temperature of all the composites studied can be fully explained by considering the fiber/matrix expansion differences.     

IISPH‐FLIP for incompressible fluids

We propose to use Implicit Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (IISPH) for pressure projection and boundary handling in Fluid‐Implicit‐Particle (FLIP) solvers for the simulation of incompressible fluids. This novel combination addresses two issues of existing SPH and FLIP solvers, namely mass preservation in FLIP and efficiency and memory consumption in SPH. First, the SPH component enables the simulation of incompressible fluids with perfect mass preservation. Second, the FLIP component efficiently enriches the SPH component with detail that is comparable to a standard SPH simulation with the same number of particles, while improving the performance by a factor of 7 and significantly reducing the memory consumption. We demonstrate that the proposed IISPH‐FLIP solver can simulate incompressible fluids with a quantifiable, imperceptible density deviation below 0.1%. We show large‐scale scenarios with up to 160 million particles that have been processed on a single desktop PC using only 15GB of memory. One‐ and two‐way coupled solids are illustrated.     

Tailoring of Surfaces with Ultrathin Layers for Controlled Binding of Biopolymers and Adhesion and Guidance of Cells

Various strategies are described for the bio-functionalization of solid substrates by design of interfacial architectures. The first approach is based on the self-assembly process of long-chain thiol molecules from solution to a (noble) metal surface. If some of these building blocks carry a binding site (ligand) for proteins (receptors, antibodies, etc.) the metal surface can be tailored for maximum specific binding while simultaneously minimizing nonspecific adsorption. The second concept is based on polymers that are covalently attached to (oxide) surfaces. The preparation of these (end-) grafted functional polymers involves either the binding of preformed macromolecules to corresponding sites at the surface of the support or the recently introduced “grafting-from” method, by which an initiator molecule is first covalently bound to the surface and then activated — either by heat or light — in the presence of suitable monomer units such that a polymer chain grows from the solid/solution interface. Finally, the functionalization of patterned surfaces by peptide chains that mimic the binding domains of cell adhesion proteins is summarized. It is demonstrated that not only the selective adhesion of neuronal cells can then be controlled, but also their development with the outgrowth of dendrites and axons.     

Ubicon and its applications for ubiquitous social computing

The combination of ubiquitous and social computing is an emerging research area which integrates different but complementary methods, techniques, and tools. In this paper, we focus on the Ubicon platform, its applications, and a large spectrum of analysis results. Ubicon provides an extensible framework for building and hosting applications targeting both ubiquitous and social environments. We summarize the architecture and exemplify its implementation using four real-world applications built on top of Ubicon. In addition, we discuss several scientific experiments in the context of these applications in order to give a better picture of the potential of the framework, and discuss analysis results using several real-world data sets collected utilizing Ubicon.     

Toward a secure Kerberos key exchange with smart cards

Public key Kerberos (PKINIT) is a standard authentication and key establishment protocol. Unfortunately, it suffers from a security flaw when combined with smart cards. In particular, temporary access to a user’s card enables an adversary to impersonate that user for an indefinite period of time, even after the adversary’s access to the card is revoked. In this paper, we extend Shoup’s key exchange security model to the smart card setting and examine PKINIT in this model. Using this formalization, we show that PKINIT is indeed flawed, propose a fix, and provide a proof that this fix leads to a secure protocol.