全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6893篇 |
免费 | 415篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 98篇 |
综合类 | 28篇 |
化学工业 | 1946篇 |
金属工艺 | 183篇 |
机械仪表 | 152篇 |
建筑科学 | 416篇 |
矿业工程 | 39篇 |
能源动力 | 243篇 |
轻工业 | 464篇 |
水利工程 | 42篇 |
石油天然气 | 5篇 |
无线电 | 604篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1477篇 |
冶金工业 | 278篇 |
原子能技术 | 38篇 |
自动化技术 | 1301篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 102篇 |
2022年 | 152篇 |
2021年 | 268篇 |
2020年 | 187篇 |
2019年 | 191篇 |
2018年 | 190篇 |
2017年 | 186篇 |
2016年 | 282篇 |
2015年 | 299篇 |
2014年 | 349篇 |
2013年 | 505篇 |
2012年 | 472篇 |
2011年 | 626篇 |
2010年 | 411篇 |
2009年 | 417篇 |
2008年 | 402篇 |
2007年 | 354篇 |
2006年 | 275篇 |
2005年 | 246篇 |
2004年 | 189篇 |
2003年 | 149篇 |
2002年 | 149篇 |
2001年 | 73篇 |
2000年 | 100篇 |
1999年 | 92篇 |
1998年 | 83篇 |
1997年 | 81篇 |
1996年 | 86篇 |
1995年 | 55篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有7314条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
41.
Patrick Heymans Quentin Boucher Andreas Classen Arnaud Bourdoux Laurent Demonceau 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2012,14(5):553-566
Software product line engineering seeks to systematise reuse when developing families of similar software systems so as to minimise development time, cost and defects. To realise variability at the code level, product line methods classically advocate usage of inheritance, components, frameworks, aspects or generative techniques. However, these might require unaffordable paradigm shifts for developers if the software was not thought at the outset as a product line. Furthermore, these techniques can be conflicting with a company’s coding practices or external regulations. These concerns were the motivation for the industry–university collaboration described in this paper in which we developed a minimally intrusive coding technique based on tags. The approach was complemented with traceability from code to feature diagrams which were exploited for automated configuration. It is supported by a toolchain and is now in use in the partner company for the development of flight-grade satellite communication software libraries. 相似文献
42.
After initial necking of tensile polymer samples the deformation front moves along the gauge length at a stress which is smaller than the yield stress. The still undeformed parts of the sample are therefore subjected to conditions which favour deformation by a creep mechanism. If the extension rate is right, secondary necking becomes possible. Boundary conditions are discussed. 相似文献
43.
In the present investigation it has been shown exemplarily for an austenite microstructure containing carbonitrides that the specific restraining force of a grain boundary due to the distribution of precipitates can be described by a modified Orowan's law, so that the grain boundary movement is considered to be analogous to the dislocation movement. This is achieved by using a modified restraining force Fr (corresponding to the cubic geometry of the particles), a detailed thermodynamic analysis of the precipitates (in this case, carbonitrides) and selected relation for the interparticle spacing La. The specific restraining force and the interparticle spacing depend on temperature within the austenite range. Each temperature is attached to a couple (Fr/La). The plot Fr against shows straight lines for each steel and from their average slope, a shear module G' of grain boundaries, which is about 64300 N·cm?2, is obtained. Hence, it is possible to describe the specific restraining force of a grain boundary with the help of Orowan's law or as it is conventionally done by using Zener's modell. At a critical temperature T*, which is different for each steel, the specific restraining force is equal to the driving force of the grain boundary. The corresponding values of La are also different for each steel and the steel which is the most resistant to grain coarsening is allowed to have the greatest value of La which still retains the capacity of impeding grain coarsening. 相似文献
44.
Jan Haas Karen S. Frese Farbod Sedaghat-Hamedani Elham Kayvanpour Rewati Tappu Rouven Nietsch Oguz Firat Tugrul Michael Wisdom Carsten Dietrich Ali Amr Tanja Weis Torsten Niederdrnk Michael P. Murphy Thomas Krieg Marcus Drr Uwe Vlker Jens Fielitz Norbert Frey Stephan B. Felix Andreas Keller Hugo A. Katus Benjamin Meder 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
With more than 25 million people affected, heart failure (HF) is a global threat. As energy production pathways are known to play a pivotal role in HF, we sought here to identify key metabolic changes in ischemic- and non-ischemic HF by using a multi-OMICS approach. Serum metabolites and mRNAseq and epigenetic DNA methylation profiles were analyzed from blood and left ventricular heart biopsy specimens of the same individuals. In total we collected serum from n = 82 patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) and n = 51 controls in the screening stage. We identified several metabolites involved in glycolysis and citric acid cycle to be elevated up to 5.7-fold in DCM (p = 1.7 × 10−6). Interestingly, cardiac mRNA and epigenetic changes of genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes of these pathways could also be found and validated in our second stage of metabolite assessment in n = 52 DCM, n = 39 ischemic HF and n = 57 controls. In conclusion, we identified a new set of metabolomic biomarkers for HF. We were able to identify underlying biological cascades that potentially represent suitable intervention targets. 相似文献
45.
Marie Burns Lennard Ostendorf Robert Biesen Andreas Grützkau Falk Hiepe Henrik E. Mei Tobias Alexander 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
Given its uniformly high expression on plasma cells, CD38 has been considered as a therapeutic target in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we investigate the distribution of CD38 expression by peripheral blood leukocyte lineages to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of CD38-targeting antibodies on these immune cell subsets and to delineate the use of CD38 as a biomarker in SLE. We analyzed the expression of CD38 on peripheral blood leukocyte subsets by flow and mass cytometry in two different cohorts, comprising a total of 56 SLE patients. The CD38 expression levels were subsequently correlated across immune cell lineages and subsets, and with clinical and serologic disease parameters of SLE. Compared to healthy controls (HC), CD38 expression levels in SLE were significantly increased on circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells, CD14++CD16+ monocytes, CD56+ CD16dim natural killer cells, marginal zone-like IgD+CD27+ B cells, and on CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells. Correlation analyses revealed coordinated CD38 expression between individual innate and memory T cell subsets in SLE but not HC. However, CD38 expression levels were heterogeneous across patients, and no correlation was found between CD38 expression on immune cell subsets and the disease activity index SLEDAI-2K or established serologic and immunological markers of disease activity. In conclusion, we identified widespread changes in CD38 expression on SLE immune cells that highly correlated over different leukocyte subsets within individual patients, but was heterogenous within the population of SLE patients, regardless of disease severity or clinical manifestations. As anti-CD38 treatment is being investigated in SLE, our results may have important implications for the personalized targeting of pathogenic leukocytes by anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. 相似文献
46.
Luiza Ghila Thomas Aga Legy Andreas Frslev Mathisen Shadab Abadpour Joao A. Paulo Hanne Scholz Helge Rder Simona Chera 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
The past decade revealed that cell identity changes, such as dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation, accompany the insulin-producing β-cell decay in most diabetes conditions. Mapping and controlling the mechanisms governing these processes is, thus, extremely valuable for managing the disease progression. Extracellular glucose is known to influence cell identity by impacting the redox balance. Here, we use global proteomics and pathway analysis to map the response of differentiating human pancreatic progenitors to chronically increased in vitro glucose levels. We show that exogenous high glucose levels impact different protein subsets in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, regardless of concentration, glucose elicits an antipodal effect on the proteome landscape, inducing both beneficial and detrimental changes in regard to achieving the desired islet cell fingerprint. Furthermore, we identified that only a subgroup of these effects and pathways are regulated by changes in redox balance. Our study highlights a complex effect of exogenous glucose on differentiating pancreas progenitors characterized by a distinct proteome signature. 相似文献
47.
48.
Dr. Heike M. Kropp Dr. Samra Ludmann Dr. Kay Diederichs Dr. Karin Betz Dr. Andreas Marx 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(21):3060-3066
With increasing temperature, nucleobases in DNA become increasingly damaged by hydrolysis of exocyclic amines. The most prominent damage includes the conversion of cytosine to uracil and adenine to hypoxanthine. These damages are mutagenic and put the integrity of the genome at risk if not repaired appropriately. Several archaea live at elevated temperatures and thus, are exposed to a higher risk of deamination. Earlier studies have shown that DNA polymerases of archaea have the property of sensing deaminated nucleobases in the DNA template and thereby stalling the DNA synthesis during DNA replication providing another layer of DNA damage recognition and repair. However, the structural basis of uracil and hypoxanthine sensing by archaeal B-family DNA polymerases is sparse. Here we report on three new crystal structures of the archaeal B-family DNA polymerase from Thermococcus kodakarensis (KOD) DNA polymerase in complex with primer and template strands that have extended single stranded DNA template 5’-overhangs. These overhangs contain either the canonical nucleobases as well as uracil or hypoxanthine, respectively, and provide unprecedented structural insights into their recognition by archaeal B-family DNA polymerases. 相似文献
49.
Andreas Krell Paul Blank Hongwei Ma Thomas Hutzler Manfred Nebelung 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(4):546-53
Sintered corundum components with submicrometer grain sizes exhibit properties which enable numerous new applications. Wet powder processing is developed to associate minimum grain sizes at highest densities with the lowest population of macrodefects. A closest ratio of powder particle size and sintered grain size is important for obtaining most fine-grained microstructures. This target was approached best by using powders with particle sizes in the range of 100–200 nm rather than with smaller nanoparticles. 相似文献
50.
Karin Yaccato Alfred Hagemeyer Andreas Lesik Anthony Volpe Henry Weinberg 《Topics in Catalysis》2004,(1):127-132
High-throughput synthesis and screening methods have been developed for the discovery of highly active lead compounds for the selective catalytic reduction as well as direct decomposition of NO in the temperature range 200–300 °C. The discovery libraries for primary screening consisted of 16 × 16 catalyst arrays on 4in. square quartz wafers. Catalysts were prepared by robotic liquid dispensing techniques and screened for catalytic activity in Symyx' scanning mass spectrometer. The scanning mass spectrometer is a fast serial screening tool that uses flat wafer catalyst surfaces, local laser heating, a scanning/sniffing nozzle and a quadrupolar mass spectrometer to compare relative catalytic activities. The feed consisted of NO/NH3 mixtures with optional O2 cofeed and Kr as the internal standard in Ar carrier gas. QMS detection allowed for tracking of H2O, N2, NO, O2, N2O and Kr. Screening protocols for catalytic materials encompassed metal precursors and carriers for supported vanadia systems, extensive doping of V2O5/TiO2, and broad screening of mixed redox metal oxides and supported base and noble metal systems. More than 500 samples could be screened in a single day. Active hits (high NO consumption accompanied by corresponding N2 production) identified in discovery libraries were re-synthesized as focus libraries for lead confirmation and further optimization. These libraries used shallower compositional gradients, for example 56 points (compositions) per ternary, with four 56-point ternaries per 4in. wafer. Broad screening ternaries were generally 8 or 15 points. The focus libraries more clearly reveal the trends and provide guidelines for secondary screening and scale-up. High conversions were achieved in scanning mass spectrometer so the scalability risk is small for the short contact time reactions. 相似文献