SEM study of the morphology of asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes produced from recycled agro-industrial residues: sugarcane bagasse and mango seeds

Cellulose, obtained both from sugarcane bagasse and mango seeds, was used for synthesizing cellulose acetate in order to produce asymmetric membranes. These were compared to membranes of commercial cellulose acetate (Rhodia). All produced membranes were asymmetric, characterized by the presence of a dense skin and a porous support. Differences regarding the morphology of the surfaces as well as of the porous support can be noticed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of the superficial layer, responsible for transport, depends on the different lignin content of the starting material and also on the viscosity average molecular weight of the cellulose acetates produced from sugarcane bagasse, mango seed, and Rhodia’s commercial cellulose acetate.     

基于Salvo的嵌入式直流伺服电机控制系统

本文探讨一种采用中低档微处理器的嵌入式直流伺服电机控制系统,该系统用户软件设计采用嵌入式实时操作系统Salvo,系统功能扩展和裁剪方便,可移植到各个应用领域。     

有线电视前端卫星信号安全接收措施

从非法信号攻击卫星转发器的原理入手,探讨了有线电视前端卫星信号安全接收的措施,对保证有线电视的安全播出具有重要的参考意义。     

钛酸锶铋介电陶瓷中MgO掺杂研究

本文研究了锶铋钛陶瓷中ＭｓＯ的掺杂效应，发现ＭｇＯ对材料的相结构和介电性能产生很大影响，随ＭｇＯ含量的增加，材料介电温度稳定性提高．作者根据Ｋ．Ｌｉｃｈｔｅｎｅｃｈｅｒ规则以及元素替代效应，讨论了ＭｇＯ相、材料体内元素替代以及电荷施受主补偿对材料缺陷机构和介电性能的影响．     

受主杂质Mn对（Ba,Pb）TiO3系高温PTC热敏陶瓷的影响

本文研究了(Ba,Pb)TiO_3系高温PTC半导体陶瓷中半导化与其烧结工艺、铅空位、钡空位和施、受主杂质等相互之间的关系。着重分析讨论了引入受主杂质Mn对材料的半导化的影响,并采用复合缺陷模型自洽地解释了实验现象。     

Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resected Dukes' C and high-risk B2 colon cancer with fluorouracil and levamisole

Carcinoma of the large bowel is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in Singapore. Although the great majority of patients are discovered at a stage where resection with curative intent is possible, almost half of the patients afflicted will die of it. The combination of 5-fluorouracil + levamisole used in patients with curatively resected high risk Dukes B2 and all Dukes' C colon cancers has been shown to reduce cancer recurrence rate and improve overall survival. Since 1990 adjuvant chemotherapy has been recommended for this group of patients. This report describes patients treated in Singapore, their toxicities and their outcome. A total of 341 patients were treated between 1990 and 1996. Treatment compliance was 71.8%. Toxicity was moderate with mainly grade 1-2 nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, stomatitis, alopecia, and neutropenia. There was 1 treatment-related death. Median recurrence-free interval was 81 months and median survival was not reached at 90 months. This regimen is tolerable. Until further randomised reports comparing 5-fluorouracil + levamisole to other combinations are available, this combination chemotherapy is recommended to patients after surgical resection of the high risk Dukes' B2 and Dukes' C colon cancer to reduce cancer recurrence and improve overall survival.     

PREDICTOL: a computer program to determine the thermophysiological duration limited exposures in various climatic conditions

PREDICTOL is a PC program used to determine the thermophysiological duration limited exposures (DLE) in humans, nude or clothed, submitted to various climatic conditions (hot and cold climates) at rest or during a physical exercise. DLE are determined following different standards of the International Standardization Organization (ISO), especially ISO 7933 for hot environment and ISO-TR 11079 for cold environment. The original aspect of this program is that it can be used whatever the climatic conditions. The program presents two modes: an educational interactive mode and a scenario mode. The educational interactive mode demonstrates the thermophysiological effects, expressed as DLE, of different parameter changes (temperature, humidity, wind speed, metabolic heat production by physical exercise, clothing insulation and water vapor permeability). The scenario mode determines DLE for given various linked sequences as encountered in occupational, military or even recreational activities, each sequence being characterized by its climatic conditions, physical activities performed and by physical clothing properties. DLE given by PREDICTOL are correlated to those obtained in various controlled climatic laboratory conditions (r = 0.86; P < 0.001). PREDICTOL is written in Visual Basic 6.0. A "help menu" is provided to explain the use of the program and give information concerning the equations used to calculate both the thermal balance and DLE.     

CAutoCSD – Evolutionary Search and Optimisation Enabled Computer Automated Control System Design

This paper attempts to set a unified scene for various linear time-invariant (LTI) control system design schemes, by transforming the existing concept of "computer-aided control system design" (CACSD) to novel "computer-automated control system design" (CAutoCSD). The first step towards this goal is to accommodate, under practical constraints, various design objectives that are desirable in both time and frequency domains. Such performance-prioritised unification is aimed at relieving practising engineers from having to select a particular control scheme and from sacrificing certain performance goals resulting from pre-commitment to such schemes. With recent progress in evolutionary computing based extra-numeric, multi-criterion search and optimisation techniques, such unification of LTI control schemes becomes feasible, analytical and practical, and the resultant designs can be creative. The techniques developed are applied to, and illustrated by, three design problems. The unified approach automatically provides an integrator for zero-steady state error in velocity control of a DC motor, and meets multiple objectives in the design of an LTI controller for a non-minimum phase plant and offers a high-performance LTI controller network for a non-linear chemical process.     

基于CAN/LIN总线的分级网络现场总线控制系统

根据单级网络现场总线控制系统存在的问题,结合CAN总线和LIN总线的特点,提出了一种基于CAN总线和LIN总线的分级网络现场总线控制系统。该系统能有效隔离局部故障,提高了系统可靠性和降低了系统成本。