耐低温橡胶的研究进展:分子结构设计与化学改性

综述了耐低温橡胶材料的研究进展,对比了天然橡胶、通用合成橡胶和特种合成橡胶的分子结构、耐低温性能及其影响因素,归纳了耐低温橡胶的改性方法,最后对耐低温橡胶材料今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

铝硅准二元玻璃硬度和抗碎裂性演化的结构起源

为探究准二元铝硅玻璃硬度和抗碎裂性随组分变化的结构起源,采用激光加热气动悬浮技术,制备了组分为xAl2O3·(100–x)SiO2(30≤x≤63,摩尔分数)的系列玻璃样品.利用显微维氏硬度仪对玻璃的硬度、抗碎裂性进行了详细表征.结果表明:随着Al2O3含量增加,玻璃硬度逐渐升高,于x=63时硬度最大(8.94 GPa...     

航空发动机钛合金压气机组件防钛火用阻燃可磨耗涂层研究进展

本文描述了钛合金在航空发动机的应用优势及出现的"钛火"问题,并介绍了解决"钛火"的方案,如阻燃钛合金、阻燃涂层及阻燃可磨耗涂层等。着重介绍了阻燃可磨耗涂层的技术研究现状,包括其涂层阻燃可磨耗性的评价标准以及阻燃可磨耗的相关机理研究。最后指出了在600～750℃区间应用的钛合金阻燃可磨耗涂层未来研究趋势和发展方向。     

冷却条件对5E83铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、显微硬度试验和拉伸试验,研究了转速为400、800、1200 r/min时,水冷和空冷对5E83铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响。结果表明,与空冷条件相比,水冷条件下搅拌摩擦焊接头产生的飞边减少,洋葱环形成区域缩减、焊核区的硬度明显提高。当转速为800 r/min时,与空冷条件相比,水冷条件下接头的抗拉强度提高,接头效率提高11%,硬度提高11%,同时焊核区的平均晶粒尺寸减小43%,但空冷条件下接头断口的韧窝大而深,塑性较好,水冷条件下的断口韧窝小而浅,塑性下降。     

灰色关联分析和多元二次非线性回归分析模型研究及应用

基于大庆油田采油二厂压裂措施资料,运用灰色关联分析方法选取对裂缝导流能力影响较大的因素,然后运用多元二次回归分析做进一步的定量研究,并与DPS系统的分析结果进行对比。结果表明,灰色关联分析可以较好的得到与裂缝导流能力关系密切的因素,回归分析可以得出因素间的具体定量关系,且回归分析计算的精度较高,多元二次回归分析和DPS平均拟合误差分别为0.940%、0.916%,预测平均误差分别为1.850%、1.831%,研究为油田开发动态数据规律研究提供了有效的方法。     

Seismic damage assessment and basis for damage-limiting design

A seismic damage model is developed for reinforced concrete structures in which the structural damage is expressed as a linear combination of the maximum deformation and the hysteretic energy dissipation. From an extensive damage analysis of various reinforced concrete buildings, an intensity scale is derived to describe the potential destructiveness of ground motion. It is a simple function of the rms acceleration and strong-motion duration. The proposed damage model is calibrated with observed building damages from past earthquakes. On this basis, a design procedure is developed accordingly to limit the potential structural damage to a tolerable level.     

Dependence of Lamellar Eutectic Growth with Convection on Boundary Conditions and Geometric Confinement: A Phase-Field Lattice-Boltzmann Study

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - Simulating eutectic growth with convection is challenging because of the enormous computing demand resulting from the required domain size compared with...     

Optimization of alcohol‐free beer production by lager and cachaça yeast strains using response surface methodology

Alcohol‐free beers (AFBs) are an attractive segment of the beer market both for the brewing industry and for consumers. While AFBs produced by arrested/limited fermentation often suffer from a lack of volatile compounds, beer flavour can be improved by yeast selection and optimization of fermentation conditions. The yeast selection strategy was demonstrated by comparing traditional lager yeast with selected cachaça yeast strains. Correspondingly, response surface methodology was used to enhance the formation of the flavour‐active volatile compounds by optimization of the fermentation conditions (original wort extract, fermentation temperature, pitching rate). Statistical analysis of the experimental data revealed the relative significance of process variables and their interactions. The developed quadratic model describing the responses of total esters and higher alcohols to changes in process variables was used to predict the ideal fermentation conditions in terms of flavour formation. The predicted conditions were experimentally verified and alternative strategies of AFB production are suggested. Copyright © 2016 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

转换波各向异性叠前时间偏移在喇嘛甸地区的应用

介质的各向异性对转换波成像的影响非常大,直接影响到大炮检距道集的成像。本文以转换波各向异性非双曲旅行时方程为基础,提出了一种简单实用的高精度γ0(纵、横波平均速度比)场的建立方法和构造速度扫描方法。应用这两种方法能够得到较准确的γ0场和转换波均方根速度场,并应用各向异性双平方根散射旅行时方程可精确求取偏移旅行时。据大庆长垣喇嘛甸地区的三维三分量的转换波资料三维Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移结果显示,各向异性叠前时间偏移剖面的同相轴连续、断点清楚、断面清晰、归位准确。     

河流连通性综合评价方法研究

保障河流连通性是生态系统保护与修复的一项重要举措,为推进我国江河湖库水系连通工作,亟需加强河流连通性评价的理论方法研究。基于河流生态系统四维结构和功能整体模型,构建了河流连通性综合评价方法;通过梳理国内外河流连通性评价的研究和实践,从4个维度凝练了构建河流连通性指数的5个评价指标,包括破碎度指数、库容调节系数、水资源利用消耗率、路网密度和城市夜间灯光指数;通过综合分析各个指标的阈值和权重,建立了河流连通性指数计算方法、综合评价方法及评价依据。研究成果进一步完善了河流连通性评价的理论方法,为河流连通性评价提供了一种新的思路,可为河流生态系统保护与修复提供参考。