基于挥发性成分分析的葡萄酒产地及品种鉴别研究进展

随着葡萄酒市场的日渐繁荣,消费者越来越注重对葡萄酒品质的追求。葡萄酒的原产地及品种是决定葡萄酒品质的重要因素,而挥发性成分在表征某一特定产地或某一品种葡萄酒中起着重要作用,因此,利用挥发性成分鉴别葡萄酒产地及品种有重要意义。本文介绍了葡萄酒挥发性成分分析方法的研究进展,总结了利用挥发性成分鉴别葡萄酒产地及品种的研究现状,以期促进对葡萄酒挥发性成分的深入研究,为保障葡萄酒的品质和真实性,以及建立更加完善的葡萄酒挥发性指纹图谱提供理论参考。     

植物蛋白肉产品品质评价及过敏原分析

为考察不同类别、不同品牌植物蛋白肉的品质,对市售18种植物蛋白肉产品进行感官评价及仪器检测,并对感官评价结果与仪器分析结果进行关联性分析,进一步探讨了过敏原的存在风险.通过外观、风味、口感等方面的指标可对植物蛋白鸡块、牛肉饼、肉馅品类有效评价产品像真性.全质构分析(TPA)参数中的咀嚼性和剪切力可以有效地评价感官指标,...     

稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品溯源领域的研究进展

本文基于国内外禽类及其制品溯源的研究成果,针对市场上出现的禽类及其制品的产地和饲养方式造假(如普通鸡蛋冒充地理标志鸡蛋、自由散养鸡蛋、有机鸡蛋等)、禽类饲料成分掺假(如非法添加动物副产品、色素等)等问题,梳理了稳定同位素技术在禽类及其制品可追溯性的应用进展,在此基础上提出禽类及其制品溯源的现存问题和发展方向,以期为稳定...     

Coagulation process in Manchega sheep milk from Spain: A path analysis approach

Characteristics of sheep milk are of great interest for the dairy industry, as almost the totality of production is intended for cheesemaking. However, the existing relationships between these variables are complex. This study assessed composition, hygienic quality, coagulation properties, and curd yield of 1,200 individual Manchega sheep milk samples. The aim was to compare the effect of composition and hygienic quality on coagulation and curdling, and to evaluate the relationship between curd yields and the coagulation process and the effect of other features by using path analysis methodologies. Outcomes proved path analysis to be a useful and effective tool to assess these relationships through direct and indirect paths within the same model. Results showed that the factors that had a direct influence on milk coagulation were lactose concentration, casein content, and initial pH of milk. Contrastingly, somatic cells did not seem to have any effect (direct or indirect) on the coagulation process. Factors that directly affected curd yield were fat content, lactose concentration, casein content, and curd moisture. However, technological parameters showed little effect over curd yield.     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定葡萄皮渣中生命元素

采用微波消解技术处理样品,建立了ICP-AES法测定酿酒葡萄赤霞珠、霞多丽和野生山葡萄、毛葡萄皮渣中钾、钠、钙、镁、铬、铜、铁、锰、镍、硒、锌、钴、钒、锡、钼等15种生命元素的方法。对微波消解程序(包括消解液体系、用量等)和ICP仪器操作参数进行了优化选择,并对分析方法进行了质量评价。结果表明:葡萄皮渣中含有种类丰富的生命元素,其中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn的含量较高,Cr、Ni、Se、Co、V、Sn及Mo的含量也不容忽视。在优化条件下,该方法的RSD为0.56%～3.21%(n=10),平均加标回收率为95.1%～110.2%(n=6)。该方法精密度高、重现性好,完全满足葡萄皮渣中多种生命元素的测定的要求。结合前人研究成果,揭示了葡萄皮渣具有较高的营养和保健价值。     

热管式甲醇制氢反应器温度分布的模拟研究

选用单速率反应动力学模型,基于Fluent软件建立热管式甲醇制氢反应器模型,对反应器内部温度的分布进行了数值模拟。并研究了进口气体温度对反应器床层温度分布和甲醇转化率的影响。结果表明:将热管应用于甲醇制氢反应器中可以改善反应器床层温度分布的均匀性;在一定范围内提高进口气体温度有利于床层温度的均布和甲醇的转化率的提高。     

Emission factors for gas-powered vehicles traveling through road tunnels in São Paulo, Brazil

The objective of this study was to improve the vehicular emissions inventory for the light- and heavy-duty fleet in the metropolitan area of S?o Paulo (MASP), Brazil. To that end, we measured vehicle emissions in road tunnels located in the MASP. On March 22-26, 2004 and May 04-07, 2004, respectively, CO, CO2, NOx, SO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions were measured in two tunnels: the Janio Quadros, which carries light-dutyvehicles; and the Maria Maluf, which carries light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty diesel trucks. Pollutant concentrations were measured inside the tunnels, and background pollutant concentrations were measured outside of the tunnels. The mean CO and NOx emission factors (in g km(-1)) were, respectively, 14.6 +/- 2.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.3 for light-duty vehicles, compared with 20.6 +/- 4.7 and 22.3 +/- 9.8 for heavy-duty vehicles. The total VOCs emission factor for the Maria Maluf tunnel was 1.4 +/- 1.3 g km(-1). The main VOCs classes identified were aromatic, alkane, and aldehyde compounds. For the heavy-duty fleet, NOx emission factors were approximately 14 times higher than those found for the light-duty fleet. This was attributed to the high levels of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.     

应用响应面法优化丁酸环己酯的制备

选取反应时间、酸醇物质的量比、催化剂用量和带水剂用量4个因素进行中心组合设计,运用响应面法对酸性离子液体催化制备丁酸环己酯的工艺参数进行了优化。试验结果表明,离子液体1-甲基-3-(丙基-3-磺酸基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([HSO3-pmim]HSO4)具有最好的催化活性,以该催化剂合成丁酸环己酯的最佳反应条件为:反应时间2.6 h,n(丁酸):n(环己醇)=1∶1.7,离子液体剂量4.8%,带水剂用量9.8mL,在该条件下,丁酸环己酯的酯化率为97.2%,与模型预测值基本相符。离子液体[HSO3-pmim]HSO4重复使用5次后,催化活性基本未降低。