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91.
V Awasthi B Goins R Klipper R Loredo D Korvick WT Phillips 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,39(6):1089-1094
We evaluated radiolabeled liposomes (liposomes labeled both with 99mTc and 111In) for the early detection of osteomyelitis in an experimental model. METHODS: Liposomes, containing 5% polyethylene glycol-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine with encapsulated glutathione and deferoxamine, were prepared and labeled with 99mTc and 111In by a previously described method. Acute osteomyelitis was induced in male New Zealand rabbits by intramedullary injection of sodium-morrhuate and Staphylococcus aureus in the tibial bone marrow. Serial imaging studies, consisting of radiolabeled liposome imaging (2-4 mCi 99mTc and 75-125 microCi 111In), 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) (3-5 mCi) and 67Ga-citrate (500 microCi), were performed starting at the third day after injection. Each radionuclide study was separated by at least 2 days. The animals also underwent radiography of the lower extremities. The animals were then killed and the infected tibia was excised for histopathology. RESULTS: For interpreting relative efficacy of individual radiopharmaceuticals, only animals showing positive histopathological findings (n = 9) were considered. Radiographs (Days 12, 13) were conclusive for osteomyelitis in only 3 rabbits. Radiolabeled liposome imaging (Days 4-6) showed positivity in 8 cases and was equivocal in 1. Though the lesion could be delineated as early as 8 hr postinjection in the 99MTc window, the best target-to-nontarget ratio (T/NT) of 1.86 +/- 0.19 was obtained at 48 hr in the 111In window. Three-phase 99mTc-MDP scan (Day 7) was positive in only 5 rabbits with 3 hr T/NT of 1.6 +/- 0.23. Galium-67-citrate images (Days 9-11) were positive in 8 cases and equivocal in 1, the mean 48 hr T/NT being 1.74 +/- 0.24. These results show liposomes are better than 99mTc-MDP for imaging bone infection. Given the early localization and better quality of the images, radiolabeled liposomes also exhibited advantages over 67Ga-citrate for detection of acute osteomyelitis. 相似文献
92.
93.
The ylide-initiated radical copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) at 60°C using carbon tetrachloride as inert solvent yields non-alternating copolymers. The kinetic parameters, average rate of polymerization (Rp) and orders of reaction with respect to monomers and initiator, have been evaluated and the kinetic equation is found to be Rpα[ylide]0.94 [MMA]1.0 [4-VP]1.5. The values of the energy of activation and kp2/kt are 48 kJ mol?1 and 6.6 × 10?5 litre mol?1s?1, respectively. The copolymers have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
94.
1. Multiple forms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoenzymes present in human tissues are dimers of subunits belonging to three distinct gene families namely alpha, mu and pi. Only the subunits within each class hybridize to give active dimers. 2. These subunits are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific manner and the composition of glutathione S-transferases in various tissues differs significantly. 3. Minor GST subunits not belonging to these three classes are also present in some tissues. 4. An ortholog of rat GST 8-8 and mouse mGSTA4-4 is selectively expressed in some human tissues including bladder, brain, heart, liver, and pancreas. This isoenzyme designated as GST 5.8 expresses several fold higher activity towards 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal as compared to the routinely used substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. 相似文献
95.
Rajesh Kumar Manoj Kumar Kamlendra Awasthi 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(22):15203-15210
Hydrogen purification based on Pd deposition in porous polymeric membranes show promising results for hydrogen permeability and selectivity. It is due to high absorption property of Pd nanoparticles. In this work, gas permeability of carboxylic group functionalized Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes with different time of functionalization have been examined. It has been found that PET membrane having more –COOH group shows higher selectivity for Hydrogen (H2). Further to improve the selectivity, these carboxylated PET membranes dipped in Pd nanoparticles solution for 6 h and found more selective for H2 in comparison to Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Nitrogen (N2). As the carboxylation increases selectivity of H2 improves drastically in the beginning and nearly get saturated after 24 h. Similar trend has been observed for these membranes after Pd nanoparticles deposition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of these membranes revealed that intensity of peaks related to –COOH group at 2968 cm?1 & 1716 cm?1 increases with functionalization time. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to study the surface morphology of membranes. 相似文献
96.
Sandeep Gupta Rini Singh Garima Agarwal Kanad Ray S.L. Kothari Ajay S. Verma Vibhav K. Saraswat Kamlendra Awasthi Manoj Kumar 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(47):21642-21648
Bismuth nano hexagons were synthesized using potentiostatic electrodeposition and studied for their performance towards electrochemical hydrogen storage and evolution. Regular hexagons with edge length ≈ 500 nm and thickness ≈ 80 nm were observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates the presence of poly-crystalline bismuth and bismuth oxide in rhombohedral and cubic phases respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies further confirm the presence of two phases of bismuth i.e. elemental bismuth and bismuth (III) oxide. Results indicate that these nano hexagons show good hydrogen ion (H+) storage and successive hydrogen gas (H2) evolution characteristics. 相似文献
97.
A widely accepted result of residence time theory namely mean residence time is equal to the system volume divided by the flow rate was first offered by Danckwerts[l] and later extended by Buffham[21 and Gibilaro[3] to more general cases. Taking a two section system it is argued and experimentally demonstrated that the above theoretical result is not universal. A possible implication of this result is that even for a single section system the above result may not hold in all the cases. This is also supported by experimental data on a single section system. 相似文献
98.
Lanthanum carbide nanotubes have been synthesized by d.c. arc evaporation (approximately 20-30 V, approximately 200 Amp) of lanthanum metal (90 wt.%)-loaded graphite rod in a helium atmosphere (665 mbar). To explore the possibility of formation of lanthanum carbide nanotubes, the experiments were carried out with lanthanum metal in different concentrations (i.e., 30, 50, 70, and 90 wt.%) in the graphite rod. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Lanthanum carbide nanotubes (LCNTs) with a diameter of approximately 65 to 95 nm and a length of approximately 0.2 to 1.5 microns were obtained in this study. 相似文献
99.
100.
Kamlendra Awasthi Vaibhav Kulshreshtha B. Tripathi N. K. Acharya M. Singh Y. K. Vijay 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2006,29(3):261-264
Polymer blends of polycarbonate (PC) and polysulphone (PSF) having thickness, 27 μm, are prepared by solution cast method.
The transport properties of pores in a blend membrane are examined. The pores were produced in this membrane by a track etching
technique. For this purpose, a thin polymer membrane was penetrated by a single heavy ion of Ni7+ of 100 MeV, followed by preferential chemical etching of the ion track. Ion permeation measurements show that pores in polymeric
membrane are charged or neutralized, which depends upon the variation in concentration of the solvent. TheV-Icurve at concentration, N/10, shows that the pores are negatively charged, whereas at concentration, N/20, the linear nature
ofV-I curve indicates that the pores approach towards neutralized state and on further concentration, N/40, the pores become fully
neutralized, consequently the rectifier behaviour of pores has been omitted.
The gas permeability of hydrogen and carbon dioxide of this membrane was measured with increasing etching time. The permeability
was measured from both the sides. Permeability at the front was larger than the permeability at the back which shows asymmetric
behaviour of membranes. 相似文献