高粱食品:一种古老作物带来新的健康

高粱是一种古老的作物初次被驯化于非洲,并在公元前3000年左右推广到了世界各地.高粱是一种抗旱的谷类作物,生长在其它作物无法生存的半干旱气候条件下,在2002年世界高粱产量达到5450万公吨.美国高粱年产量可达1300～1500万公吨左右,其中30%～50%用于出口,在西方国家中用高粱喂养动物已非常普遍,大约世界高粱产量的40%被用于作为非洲和印度等国家人民的食物.在美国对于患有腹乳糜泻疾病无法适应面筋蛋白的人已经用白色食品级的杂交作物生产出运用于无小麦产品作为食用,不能食用小麦或其它谷类作物比如黑麦,大麦,他们提供了些刺激性小的面粉已成为用于制造无小麦食品的原料.当高粱缺乏面筋时,高粱粉便不能生产有黏性和弹性的生面团,因此蛋奶糊配方被用于制造高粱产品,包括面包威化饼干、面条和比萨饼皮,这些原来都是由面粉制成.研究表明,高粱系生产高质量食物,因此种植高梁将被用于改善提高食物质量,最近一些研究表明由于这种古老作物包括含有二十烷醇(policosanols)的多酚复合物和高粱蜡的高抗氧化水平,可能对健康有独特的益处,对于保护心血管的健康至关重要.尤其在把小麦作为主要食物的西方世界,对于给患有腹乳糜泻疾病的人们提供了健康稳定的主食是一个挑战.因此高粱这种古老的作物作为21世纪的主要谷类作物引来了新的兴趣和前途,这是由于(1)它对于患有腹乳糜泻疾病的人是一种富有潜力的主食.(2)保持食物的营养和健康的高抗氧化水平和蜡含量.(3)由于它的抗干旱性和有限供水量的高生产量,2030年预期人口指数增长明显.     

Wireless emergency alerts: Public understanding,trust, and preferences following the 2021 US nationwide test

On August 11, 2021, the US Federal Emergency Management Agency and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) conducted the second national test of the wireless emergency alerts (WEA) system. The first test was conducted in 2018. This study offers an analysis of a nationwide survey (N = 1056) administered in the days immediately following the 2021 national test. The analysis indicates that a substantial number of respondents do not well understand the uses of the WEA system, especially the “National Alert” message class. However, more respondents believe that the “National Alert” message class label would signal more trustworthy information than the “Presidential Alert” message class label, a finding that bolsters the FCC's 2021 decision to abandon the “Presidential Alert” message class label. Despite a lack of accurate understanding of message classes and opt-out options, a substantial number of respondents trust the WEA system to work properly. A clear majority of respondents would appreciate device-based public education materials about the WEA system. The implications of the survey findings for WEA system management and public education are discussed.